Editing Grid computing (section)

==History==
The term ''grid computing'' originated in the early 1990s as a [[metaphor]] for making computer power as easy to access as an electric [[power grid]]. The power grid metaphor for accessible computing quickly became canonical when [[Ian Foster (computer scientist)|Ian Foster]] and [[Carl Kesselman]] published their seminal work, "The Grid: Blueprint for a new computing infrastructure" (1999). This was preceded by decades by the metaphor of [[utility computing]] (1961): computing as a public utility, analogous to the phone system.<ref>[[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]], speaking at the MIT Centennial in 1961</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Architects of the Information Society, Thirty-Five Years of the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT|editor1-first=Hal|editor1-last=Abelson|first1=Simson|last1=Garfinkel|isbn=978-0-262-07196-3|publisher=MIT Press|year=1999|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/architectsofinfo00garf}}</ref>

CPU scavenging and [[volunteer computing]] were popularized beginning in 1997 by [[distributed.net]] and later in 1999 by [[SETI@home]] to harness the power of networked PCs worldwide, in order to solve CPU-intensive research problems.<ref name="anderson1">{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=David P|last2=Cobb|display-authors=etal|first2=Jeff|title=SETI@home: an experiment in public-resource computing|journal=Communications of the ACM|date=November 2002|volume=45|issue=11|pages=56–61|doi=10.1145/581571.581573|s2cid=15439521}}</ref><ref name="durrani1">{{cite journal|last1=Nouman Durrani|first1=Muhammad|last2=Shamsi|first2=Jawwad A.|title=Volunteer computing: requirements, challenges, and solutions|journal=Journal of Network and Computer Applications|date=March 2014|volume=39|pages=369–380|doi=10.1016/j.jnca.2013.07.006}}</ref>

The ideas of the grid (including those from distributed computing, object-oriented programming, and Web services) were brought together by [[Ian Foster (computer scientist)|Ian Foster]] and [[Steve Tuecke]] of the [[University of Chicago]], and [[Carl Kesselman]] of the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[Information Sciences Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Bridget |date=2019-11-06 |title=Grid Computing Pioneer Steve Tuecke Passes Away at 52 |url=https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/grid-computing-pioneer-steve-tuecke-passes-away-at-52/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104213215/https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/grid-computing-pioneer-steve-tuecke-passes-away-at-52/ |url-status=live }}</ref>  The trio, who led the effort to create the Globus Toolkit, is widely regarded as the "fathers of the grid".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0404/features/index.shtml|title=Father of the Grid|access-date=2007-04-15|archive-date=2012-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301194142/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0404/features/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>  The toolkit incorporates not just computation management but also [[Storage Resource Management (SRM)|storage management]], security provisioning, data movement, monitoring, and a toolkit for developing additional services based on the same infrastructure, including agreement negotiation, notification mechanisms, trigger services, and information aggregation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salem |first=M. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258119520 |title=Grid Computing: A New Paradigm for Healthcare Technologies/Applications |year=2007 |access-date=2022-08-30}}</ref> While the Globus Toolkit remains the de facto standard for building grid solutions, a number of other tools have been built that answer some subset of services needed to create an enterprise or global grid.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

In 2007 the term [[cloud computing]] came into popularity, which is conceptually similar to the canonical Foster definition of grid computing (in terms of computing resources being consumed as electricity is from the [[power grid]]) and earlier utility computing.

===Progress===
In November 2006, [[Edward Seidel]] received the [[Sidney Fernbach Award]] at the Supercomputing Conference in [[Tampa, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward Seidel 2006 Sidney Fernbach Award Recipient|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/seidel|work=IEEE Computer Society Awards|publisher=IEEE Computer Society|access-date=14 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815212928/http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/seidel|archive-date=15 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> "For outstanding contributions to the development of software for HPC and Grid computing to enable the collaborative numerical investigation of complex problems in physics; in particular, modeling black hole collisions."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/seidel|title=Edward Seidel • IEEE Computer Society|website=www.computer.org|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815212928/http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/seidel|archive-date=15 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> This award, which is one of the highest honors in computing, was awarded for his achievements in numerical relativity.