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Group 10 element
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==== Nickel ==== The use of nickel, often mistaken for copper, dates as far back as 3500 BCE. Nickel has been discovered in a dagger dating to 3100 BCE, in Egyptian iron beads, a bronze reamer found in Syria dating to 3500β3100 BCE, as copper-nickel alloys in coins minted in [[Bactria]], in weapons and pots near the Senegal river, and as agricultural tools used by Mexicans in the 1700s.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rickard |first=T. A. |date=1941 |title=The Use of Meteoric Iron |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844401 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=71 |issue=1/2 |pages=55β66 |doi=10.2307/2844401 |jstor=2844401 |issn=0307-3114|url-access=subscription }}</ref> There is evidence to suggest that the use of nickel in antiquity came from meteoric iron, such as in the Sumerian name for iron ''an-bar'' ("fire from heaven") or in Hittite texts that describe iron's heavenly origins. Nickel was not formally named as an element until A. F. Cronstedt isolated the impure metal from "kupfernickel" (Old Nick's copper) in 1751.'''<ref name=":0"/>''' In 1804, J. B. Richter determined the physical properties of nickel using a purer sample, describing the metal as ductile and strong with a high melting point. The strength of nickel-steel alloys were described in 1889 and since then, nickel steels saw extensive use first for military applications and then in the development of corrosion- and heat-resistant alloys during the 20th century.
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