Editing Gwalior (section)

== Geography ==

Gwalior is located at {{Coord|26.22|N|78.18|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Gwalior.html |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Gwalior, India |website=Fallingrain.com |access-date=28 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141246/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Gwalior.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> in northern Madhya Pradesh {{cvt|300|km|mi}} from Delhi. It has an average elevation of {{convert|197|m|ft|abbr=off}}. Most part of it comes under the [[Gird, India|Gird]] and [[Bundelkhand]] area.

=== Location ===
{{Geographic location|state=expanded
| Center = Gwalior district
| North = [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]] District
| Northeast = [[Bhind]] District
| East = [[Datia]] district
| Southeast =
| South = [[Shivpuri]] district
| Southwest =
| West = [[Sheopur]] District
| Northwest =
}}

=== Waterways ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
[[File:Sambhar at Gwalior zoo.JPG|thumb|Sambhar at Gandhi Zoological Park (Gwalior zoo)]]
The [[Tigra Dam]] is located on the outskirts of the city. The dam is now being used to store water from the Sank river and supply water to the city. The reservoir is used for leisure activities including speed boating, paddle boating, and water scooters.

The Swarna Rekha river is a reconstructed part of the Swarna Rekha river which was dried during the British raj. Boat rides run between Padav in central Gwalior to Gwalior Zoo.

=== Parks and gardens ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
The Lashkar part of Gwalior has many parks, including the ''Phool Bagh,'' or the garden of flowers, built to welcome the Prince of Cambridge.

Italian Garden – the garden which was used by the Scindias as a place of relaxation, is Italian in architecture with a water pool surrounded by musical fountains. Ambedkar Park and Gandhi Park are other prominent parks.

Gwalior Zoo provides a home for [[white tiger]]s, serpents, golden pheasants, [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], hyena, bison, and others.

===Climate===
{{climate chart|Gwalior
|7.1|22.9|16.5
|10.0|26.5|8.0
|15.8|32.7|7.0
|22.2|38.7|2.6
|27.2|44.1|8.9
|29.5|40.6|77.7
|26.6|34.5|261.6
|25.3|32.0|312.9
|23.9|32.7|146.2
|18.4|33.2|42.6
|11.5|29.3|4.2
|7.4|24.4|7.7
|source = [http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/gwalior2.htm IMD]
|float=right
|clear=
|state=collapsed
}}
Gwalior has a sub-tropical climate with hot summers from late March to early July, the humid monsoon season from late June to early October, and a cool dry winter from early November to late February. Under [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen's climate classification]] the city has a [[humid subtropical climate]]. The highest recorded temperature was 48&nbsp;°C and the lowest was −1&nbsp;°C. Summers start in late March, and along with other cities like [[Jaipur]] and [[Climate of Delhi|Delhi]], are among the hottest in India and the world. Temperatures peak in May and June with daily averages being around {{convert|33|–|35|C|F}}, and end in late June with the onset of the [[monsoon]]. Gwalior receives 750&nbsp;mm of rain on average per year, most of which is concentrated in the [[Monsoon]] months (from late June to early October). August is the wettest month with about 250&nbsp;mm of rain. Winter in Gwalior starts in late October, and is generally very mild with daily temperatures averaging in the {{convert|14|–|16|C|F}} range, and mostly dry and sunny conditions. January is the coldest month with average lows in the 5-6&nbsp;°C range (41-42&nbsp;°F) and occasional cold snaps that plummet temperatures down to a single digit.

{{Weather box
| location= Gwalior (1991–2020, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first= yes
| single line= yes
| Jan record high C = 32.4
| Feb record high C = 37.2
| Mar record high C = 41.7
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 48.3
| Jun record high C = 47.4
| Jul record high C = 44.6
| Aug record high C = 41.7
| Sep record high C = 40.0
| Oct record high C = 40.1
| Nov record high C = 38.6
| Dec record high C = 32.1
| year record high C = 48.3
| Jan high C = 22.3
| Feb high C = 26.6
| Mar high C = 32.9
| Apr high C = 38.9
| May high C = 42.1
| Jun high C = 40.4
| Jul high C = 35.2
| Aug high C = 33.3
| Sep high C = 34.0
| Oct high C = 34.2
| Nov high C = 30.1
| Dec high C = 25.2
| year high C = 32.8
|Jan mean C = 14.3
|Feb mean C = 18.6
|Mar mean C = 24.5
|Apr mean C = 30.0
|May mean C = 34.4
|Jun mean C = 34.1
|Jul mean C = 30.6
|Aug mean C = 29.3
|Sep mean C = 28.9
|Oct mean C = 26.2
|Nov mean C = 21.0
|Dec mean C = 15.7
| Jan low C = 7.7
| Feb low C = 10.9
| Mar low C = 16.2
| Apr low C = 21.7
| May low C = 27.0
| Jun low C = 28.8
| Jul low C = 27.1
| Aug low C = 26.2
| Sep low C = 24.8
| Oct low C = 19.3
| Nov low C = 13.1
| Dec low C = 8.5
| year low C = 19.2
| Jan record low C = -1.1
| Feb record low C = -0.3
| Mar record low C = 5.4
| Apr record low C = 11.8
| May record low C = 17.2
| Jun record low C = 18.2
| Jul record low C = 20.1
| Aug record low C = 19.6
| Sep record low C = 15.1
| Oct record low C = 8.9
| Nov record low C = 3.0
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -1.1
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 12.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 14.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 6.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 7.5
| May precipitation mm = 16.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 85.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 224.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 241.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 141.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 27.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 6.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 6.3
| year precipitation mm = 790.4
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 1.0
| Mar rain days = 0.8
| Apr rain days = 0.9
| May rain days = 1.9
| Jun rain days = 4.6
| Jul rain days = 10.9
| Aug rain days = 11.8
| Sep rain days = 6.4
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 0.2
| Dec rain days = 0.7
| year rain days = 41.7
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 56
| Feb humidity = 42
| Mar humidity = 30
| Apr humidity = 23
| May humidity = 24
| Jun humidity = 40
| Jul humidity = 66
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 54
| Nov humidity = 57
| Dec humidity = 60
| year humidity = 49
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name="IMDnormals">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2023 |title=Climatological Tables 1991-2020 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=1 January 2023 |page=21 }}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201155746/https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42361 |archive-date=1 December 2022 |url=https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42361 |title=Normals Data: Gwalior – India Latitude: 26.23°N Longitude: 78.25°E Height: 205 (m) |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |access-date=1 December 2022 }}</ref>
}}Gwalior has been ranked 26th best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

===Environment===
Gwalior was found to have the second-highest level of air pollution according to a [[World Health Organization]] study in 2016. Particulates from the burning of garbage and fossil fuels make breathing the air of this city a hazard.<ref name="WHO2016">{{cite news |title=WHO flags Gwalior for pollution, officials dismissive |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/who-flags-gwalior-for-pollution-officials-dismissive/story-RGHZPeoRKojeAODaEbiRLN.html |access-date=24 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times|date=22 May 2016|archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127195038/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/who-flags-gwalior-for-pollution-officials-dismissive/story-RGHZPeoRKojeAODaEbiRLN.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CBS-polluters">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/the-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-ranked/ |title=The most polluted cities in the world ranked |date=3 February 2017 |publisher=CBS News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230145/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/the-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-ranked/ |archive-date=18 June 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=24 March 2021 }}</ref>