Editing Hard problem of consciousness (section)

=== Historical precedents ===
{{Wikiquote}}
The hard problem of consciousness has scholarly antecedents considerably earlier than Chalmers. Chalmers himself notes that "a number of thinkers in the recent and distant past" have "recognised the particular difficulties of explaining consciousness."<ref name="Moving forward">{{cite journal
| last=Chalmers
| first=David
| author-link=David Chalmers
| date=January 1997
| title=Moving forward on the problem of consciousness| journal=[[Journal of Consciousness Studies]]
| volume=4
| issue=1
| pages=3–46 
| url=https://philpapers.org/rec/CHAMFO}}</ref> He states that all his original 1996 paper contributed to the discussion was "a catchy name, a minor reformulation of philosophically familiar points".<ref name="Moving forward" />

Among others, thinkers who have made arguments similar to Chalmers' formulation of the hard problem include [[Isaac Newton]],<ref name="chalmers-2020">{{cite journal|last1=Chalmers|first1=David|title=Is the hard problem of consciousness universal?|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|date=2020|volume=27|issue=5–6|pages=227–257|url=http://consc.net/papers/universal.pdf|access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref> [[John Locke]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Locke|first=John|author-link=John Locke|date=1722|title=The works of John Locke: in three volumes|location=London|publisher=Printed for A. Churchill, and A. Manship, and sold by W. Taylor in Pater-noster-Row|volume=1|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0BfmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA293 293]}}</ref> [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]],<ref name="Aranyosi" /><ref name="chalmers-2020"/> [[John Stuart Mill]],<ref>Mill, John Stuart. ''A System of Logic'' (1843), Book V, Chapter V, section 3</ref> and [[Thomas Henry Huxley]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Huxley|first1=Thomas Henry|author-link1=Thomas Henry Huxley|last2=Youmans|first2=William Jay|author-link2=William Jay Youmans|date=1868|title=The elements of physiology and hygiene: a text-book for educational institutions|location=New York|publisher=D. Appleton and company|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=aVUAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA178 178]}}</ref><ref name="chalmers-2020"/> Likewise, Asian philosophers like [[Dharmakirti]] and [[Guifeng Zongmi]] discussed the problem of how consciousness arises from unconscious matter.<ref name="chalmers-2020"/><ref name="arnold-2021">{{cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=Dan|editor1-last=Emmanuel|editor1-first=Steven M.|title=Philosophy's Big Questions: Comparing Buddhist and Western Approaches|date=2021|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0231174879|pages=97–128|chapter=Philosophy of Mind’s “Hard Problem” in Light of Buddhist Idealism}}</ref><ref>Bryan Van Norden, {{Citation|title=Buddhism Comes to China| date=17 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1xv3HmUddY|language=en|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref><ref>Tiwald, Justin; Van Norden, Bryan W. eds. (2005), ''Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy,'' p. 101. Hackett Publishing.</ref> The Tattva Bodha, an eighth century text attributed to [[Adi Shankara]] from the [[Advaita Vedanta]] school of [[Hinduism]], describes consciousness being ''anubhati'', or self-revealing, illuminating all objects of knowledge without itself being a material object.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shankara |first=Adi |title=Tattva Bodha |last2=Chaturvedi |first2=Shraddhesh |publisher=Vedic Scriptures Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=9781701001374 |location=Amroha, Uttar Pradesh, India |trans-title=Understanding Reality}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vas |first=Andre |date=29 October 2023 |title=23 – Tattva Bodha: Existence-Consciousness Alone Is (Satchit Meaning) |url=https://www.yesvedanta.com/tattva-bodha-discourses/discourse-23/ |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=Yes Vedanta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122101033/https://www.yesvedanta.com/tattva-bodha-discourses/discourse-23/ |archive-date=Jan 22, 2025 }}</ref>