Editing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (section)

==== CTLA-4 genes ====
[[CTLA-4]] is the second major immune-[[Regulator gene|regulatory]] gene related to autoimmune thyroid disease. CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms may contribute to the reduced inhibition of T-cell [[Cell proliferation|proliferation]] and increase susceptibility to autoimmune response.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zaletel K, Gaberšček S | title = Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: From Genes to the Disease | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 8 | pages = 576–588 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22654557 | pmc = 3271310 | doi = 10.2174/138920211798120763 }}</ref> CTLA-4 is a major thyroid autoantibody susceptibility gene. A linkage of the CTLA-4 region to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies was demonstrated by a whole-genome [[linkage analysis]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tomer Y, Greenberg DA, Barbesino G, Concepcion E, Davies TF | title = CTLA-4 and not CD28 is a susceptibility gene for thyroid autoantibody production | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 86 | issue = 4 | pages = 1687–1693 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11297604 | doi = 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7372 | doi-access = free }}</ref> CTLA-4 was confirmed as the main locus for thyroid autoantibodies.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ban Y, Davies TF, Greenberg DA, Kissin A, Marder B, Murphy B, Concepcion ES, Villanueva RB, Barbesino G, Ling V, Tomer Y | title = Analysis of the CTLA-4, CD28, and inducible costimulator (ICOS) genes in autoimmune thyroid disease | journal = Genes and Immunity | volume = 4 | issue = 8 | pages = 586–593 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14647199 | doi = 10.1038/sj.gene.6364018 | s2cid = 6920190 | doi-access =  }}</ref>