Editing Hmu language (section)

==Writing==
Northern Qiandong Miao, also known as Central Miao and as Eastern Guizhou Hmu (黔东方言 ''Qián-Dōng fāngyán''), was chosen as the standard for Hmu-language textbooks in China, based on the pronunciation of Yǎnghāo (养蒿) village.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shi |first=Defu 石德富 |title=Miáoyǔ jīchǔ jiàochéng (Qiándōng fāngyán) |date=2006 |publisher=Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe |location=Beijing Shi |script-title=zh:苗语基础教程（黔东方言） |trans-title=Basic Miao Language Course (Qiandong Dialect)}}</ref><ref name="Wang1985">Wang Fushi 王辅世. 1985. ''Miaoyu jianzhi'' 苗语简志. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社.</ref>
===Alphabet===
The Hmu alphabet is based on [[Pinyin]] and consists of 28 letters (all the 26 letters of the [[English alphabet]] with the addition of '''Gh''' and '''Kh''').

[[Digraph (orthography)|Digraph]]s other than gh and kh and [[Trigraph (orthography)|Trigraph]]s are not considered single letters and are considered combinations of letters.

The following list shows the 28 letters of the Hmu alphabet in their uppercase and lowercase forms along with their name and pronunciation in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:
* A a (called a): /a/
* B b (ba): /p/
* C c (ca): /ʦʰ/
* D d (da): /t/ ~ /tʲ/
* E e (e): /ə/, /e/
* F f (fa): /f/
* G g (ga): /k/
* Gh gh (gha): /q/
* H h (ha): /h/
* I i (i): /i/
* J j (je): /ʨ/
* K k (ka): /kʰ/
* Kh kh (kha): /qʰ/
* L l (la): /l/, /ʎ/
* M m (ma): /m/
* N n (na): /n/, /ɲ/
* O o (o): /o/
* P p (pa): /pʰ/
* Q q (qe): /ʨʰ/
* R r (ra): /z/
* S s (sa): /ʂ/
* T t (ta): /tʰ/
* U u (u): /u/
* V v (va): /ɣ/
* W w (wa): /v/
* X x (xe): /ɕ/
* Y y (ye): /ʑ/, /j/
* Z z (za): /ʦ/<ref>Omniglot</ref>

Digraphs҄:
* Ai ai: /ɛ/
* Au au: /ɑu/
* Dl dl: /ɬ/, /ɬʲ/
* Ei ei: /ei/
* En en: /en/, /in/
* Eu eu: /əu/
* Hf hf: /fʰ/
* Hl hl: /ɬʰ/, /ɬʰʲ/
* Hm hm: /mʰ/
* Hn hn: /nʰ/ ~ /ɲ̊ʰ/
* Hs hs: /sʰ/
* Hv hv: /xʰ/
* Hx hx: /ɕʰ/
* Ia ia: /iɑ/
* Ie ie: /ie/
* Io io: /io/
* Iu iu: /iu/
* Ng ng: /ŋ/
* Ua ua: /uɑ/
* Ue ue: /uɛ/

Trigraphs:
* Ang ang: /ɑŋ/
* Iau iau: /iɑu/
* Ieu: /iə/
* Ong ong: /oŋ/
* Uei uei: /uei/

Tones are marked with final consonant letters:
* Mid tone: b
* [˧˥/-̤˨]: d
* [˧˩/-̤˩˨/˨˩˧]: f
* [˥˧/˧˥]: k
* [-̤˩/˨˩/˧]: l
* [-̤˩˧/˥/-̤˨]: s
* [˦/˦˥]: t
* [˥~˦˥/˦˨/˥˧]: x
* Neutral tone / no tone: unmarked

There are no diacritics or accents in the Hmu alphabet, and only the letters of the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet]] are used.