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=== Time use === A [[University of Michigan Institute for Social Research]] nationally representative survey of American 15- to 17-year olds, conducted in 2003, found an average of 50 minutes of homework each weekday.<ref>F. Thomas Juster, Hiromi Ono and Frank P. Stafford, ''[http://ns.umich.edu/Releases/2004/Nov04/teen_time_report.pdf Changing Times of American Youth: 1981-2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516084636/http://ns.umich.edu/Releases/2004/Nov04/teen_time_report.pdf |date=2022-05-16 }}'', University of Michigan Institute for Social Research (Ann Arbor, Michigan: November 2004).</ref> A 2019 [[Pew Research Center]] review of [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]]' [[American Time Use Survey]] data reported that 15-, 16-, and 17-year-old Americans spent on average an hour a day on homework during the school year. The change in this demographic's average daily time spent doing homework (during the school year) increased by about 16 minutes from 2003β2006 to 2014β2017. U.S. teenage girls spent more time doing homework than U.S. teenage boys.<ref>Gretchen Livingston, [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/02/20/the-way-u-s-teens-spend-their-time-is-changing-but-differences-between-boys-and-girls-persist/ The way U.S. teens spend their time is changing, but differences between boys and girls persist], Pew Research Center (February 20, 2019).</ref> A 2019 nationally representative survey of 95,505 freshmen at U.S. colleges, conducted by the [[UCLA Higher Education Research Institute]], asked respondents, "During your last year in high school, how much time did you spend during a typical week studying/doing homework?" 1.9% of respondents said none, 7.4% said less than one hour, 19.5% said 1β2 hours, 27.9% said 3β5 hours, 21.4% said 6β10 hours, 11.4% said 11β15 hours, 6.0% said 16β20 hours, 4.5% said over 20 hours.<ref>Ellen Bara Stolzenberg et al., ''[https://www.heri.ucla.edu/monographs/TheAmericanFreshman2019.pdf The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2019]'', Higher Education Research Institute, Graduate School of Education & Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, p. 42.</ref> {{Harvtxt|Galloway|Conner|Pope|2013}} surveyed 4,317 students from ten "privileged, high-performing" high schools in the U.S., and found that students reported spending more than 3 hours on homework daily. 72% of the students reported stress from homework, and 82% reported physical symptoms. The students slept an average of 6 hours 48 minutes, lower than [[Sleep#Ideal duration|recommendations]] prescribed by various health agencies.
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