Editing Humility (section)

=====Catholicism=====
[[File:Madonna-of-humility- 1433 Domenico di Bartolo.jpg|thumb|240px| This ''[[Madonna of humility]]'' by [[Domenico di Bartolo]] expresses the symbolic duality of an earthly woman with humility, as well as a [[Queen of Heaven|heavenly queen]].<ref Name =Trinchieri>{{cite book| title = Art and music in the early modern period | first1 = Franca Trinchieri|last1= Camiz  | first2 = Katherine A. |last2=McIver | year = 2003 |isbn = 0-7546-0689-9 | url  = https://books.google.com/books?id=mdIFQTuA4cQC&pg=PA15 | page = 15| publisher = Ashgate}}</ref>]]

[[Catholic]] texts view humility as annexed to the [[cardinal virtue]] of [[Temperance (virtue)|temperance]].<ref name="Humility 1910, pp 543-544"/><ref name="CE">{{cite encyclopedia| last=Devine|first=Arthur| url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07543b.htm | encyclopedia = Catholic Encyclopedia| title = Humility| publisher = newadvent.org}}</ref> It is viewed as a potential part of temperance because temperance includes all those virtues that restrain or express the inordinate movements of our desires or appetites.<ref name="CE" />

[[Bernard of Clairvaux]] defines it as “a virtue by which a man knowing himself as he truly is, abases himself. Jesus Christ is the ultimate definition of Humility."<ref name="CE" />

Humility was a virtue extolled by [[Francis of Assisi]], and this form of [[Order of Saint Francis|Franciscan]] piety led to the artistic development of the ''[[Madonna of humility]]'' first used by them for [[Christian contemplation|contemplation]].<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book| title = A history of ideas and images in Italian art | first = James |last=Hall | year = 1983 |isbn = 0-06-433317-5 | page = 223| publisher = Harper & Row }}
|2={{cite book| title = Iconography of Christian Art | last = Schiller | first = Gertrud  | author-link = Gertrud Schiller | year = 1971 | isbn = 978-0-8212-0365-1 | volume  = 1 | page= 112| publisher = Arnoldo Mondadori }}
}}</ref> The [[Madonna (art)|Virgin]] of humility sits on the ground, or upon a low cushion, unlike the ''Enthroned Madonna'' representations.<ref>{{cite book| title = Renaissance Art: A Topical Dictionary | first = Irene |last= Earls | year = 1987 |isbn = 0-313-24658-0 | page = 174| publisher = Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref> This style of painting spread quickly through Italy, and, by 1375, examples began to appear in Spain, France, and Germany. It became the most popular among the styles of the early [[Trecento]] artistic period.<ref name=Meiss>{{cite book | title =  Painting in Florence and Siena after the Black Death | first = Millard |last=Meiss | year =1979 | isbn =0-691-00312-2 | pages =[https://archive.org/details/paintinginfloren0000meis/page/132 132]–133 | publisher = Princeton University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/paintinginfloren0000meis}}</ref>

[[Thomas Aquinas]], a 13th-century philosopher and theologian in the [[Scholasticism|Scholastic]] tradition, says "the virtue of humility... consists in keeping oneself within one's own bounds, not reaching out to things above one, but submitting to one's superior".<ref>{{cite book|last=Aquinas|first=Thomas|title=Summa Contra Gentiles|at=IV.lv|translator-link=Joseph Rickaby|translator-first=Joseph|translator-last=Rickaby}}</ref>