Editing Hunger (section)

==Hunger relief organisations==
Many thousands of hunger relief organisations exist across the world. Some but not all are entirely dedicated to fighting hunger. They range from independent soup kitchens that serve only one locality, to global organisations. Organisations working at the global and regional level will often focus much of their efforts on helping hungry communities to better feed themselves, for example by sharing agricultural technology. With some exceptions, organisations that work just on the local level tend to focus more on providing food directly to hungry people. Many of the entities are connected by a web of national, regional and global alliances that help them share resources, knowledge, and coordinate efforts.<ref name = "FAOalliances">{{Cite web
|url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2859e.pdf
|title=Organizing for action
|publisher=[[FAO]]
|date=2011
|access-date=27 December 2018
|archive-date=30 December 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233834/http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2859e.pdf
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

===Global===
The United Nations is central to global efforts to relieve hunger, most especially through the [[FAO]], and also via other agencies: such as [[WFP]], [[IFAD]], [[WHO]] and [[UNICEF]]. After the [[Millennium Development Goals]] expired in 2015, the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs) became key objectives to shape the world's response to development challenges such as hunger. In particular [[Sustainable Development Goal 2|Goal 2]]: ''Zero Hunger'' sets globally agreed targets to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/|title=Hunger and food security - United Nations Sustainable Development|access-date=28 June 2017|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210035826/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name = "FAOintro"/><ref name = "FSIN2020April"/>

Aside from the UN agencies themselves, hundreds of other actors address the problem of hunger on the global level, often involving participation in large umbrella organisations. These include national governments, religious groups, international charities and in some cases international corporations. Though except perhaps in the cases of dedicated charities, the priority these organisations assign to hunger relief may vary from year to year. In many cases the organisations partner with the UN agencies, though often they pursue independent goals. For example, [[Post-2015 Development Agenda|as consensus began to form]] for the SDG ''zero hunger'' goal to aim to end hunger by 2030, a number of organizations formed initiatives with the more ambitious target to achieve this outcome early, by 2025:
* In 2013 Caritas International started a Caritas-wide initiative aimed at ending systemic hunger by 2025. The One human family, food for all campaign focuses on awareness raising, improving the impact of Caritas programs and advocating the implementation of the right to food.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caritas.org/2013/12/pope-francis-denounces-global-scandal-hunger/|title=Pope Francis denounces 'global scandal' of hunger|date=9 December 2013|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119135857/https://www.caritas.org/2013/12/pope-francis-denounces-global-scandal-hunger/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The partnership Compact2025, led by [[International Food Policy Research Institute|IFPRI]] with the involvement of UN organisations, NGOs and private foundations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.compact2025.org/about-compact2025/governance/leadership-council/|title=Leadership Council|website=www.compact2025.org|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105052340/http://www.compact2025.org/about-compact2025/governance/leadership-council/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> develops and disseminates evidence-based advice to politicians and other decision-makers aimed at ending hunger and undernutrition in the coming 10 years, by 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ifpri.org/publication/compact-2025-ending-hunger-and-undernutrition|title=Compact2025: Ending hunger and undernutrition - IFPRI|website=www.ifpri.org|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129073235/https://www.ifpri.org/publication/compact-2025-ending-hunger-and-undernutrition|url-status=live}}</ref> It bases its claim that hunger can be ended by 2025 on a report by [[Shenggen Fan]] and [[Paul Polman]] that analyzed the experiences from Russia, China, Vietnam, Brazil and Thailand and concludes that eliminating hunger and undernutrition was possible by 2025.<ref name="IFPRI2013"/>
* In June 2015, the [[European Union]] and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] launched a partnership to combat undernutrition especially in children. The program would initially be implemented in Bangladesh, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Laos and Niger and will help these countries to improve information and analysis about nutrition so they can develop effective national nutrition policies.<ref>European Commission Press release. June 2015. [http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5104_en.htm EU launches new partnership to combat Undernutrition with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526180626/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5104_en.htm |date=26 May 2019 }}. Accessed on 1 November 2015</ref>

==== Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2 or Goal 2) ====
The objective of [[Sustainable Development Goal 2|SDG 2]] is to "end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote [[sustainable agriculture]]" by 2030. SDG2 recognizes that dealing with hunger is not only based on increasing food production but also on proper markets, access to land and technology and increased and efficient incomes for farmers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=sdg indicators|first=end hunger|title=Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture|url=https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2017/goal-02/|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929104608/https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2017/goal-02/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A report by the [[International Food Policy Research Institute]] (IFPRI) of 2013 argued that the emphasis of the SDGs should be on eliminating hunger and under-nutrition, rather than on poverty, and that attempts should be made to do so by 2025 rather than 2030.<ref name="IFPRI2013">Fan, Shenggen and Polman, Paul. 2014. [http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128045 An ambitious development goal: Ending hunger and undernutrition by 2025] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019143330/http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128045 |date=19 October 2017 }}. In 2013 Global food policy report. Eds. Marble, Andrew and Fritschel, Heidi. Chapter 2. pp. 15–28. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).</ref> The argument is based on an analysis of experiences in Russia, China, Vietnam, Brazil, and Thailand and the fact that people suffering from severe hunger face extra impediments to improving their lives, whether it be by education or work. Three pathways to achieve this were identified: 1) agriculture-led; 2) social protection- and nutrition- intervention-led; or 3) a combination of both of these approaches.<ref name="IFPRI2013"/>

===Regional===
Much of the world's regional alliances are located in Africa. For example, the ''Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa'' or the [[Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]].<ref name = "101orgs">{{Cite web
|url=https://foodtank.com/news/2015/01/one-hundred-one-global-food-organizations-to-watch-in-twenty-fifteen/
|title=101 Global Food Organizations to Watch in 2015
|publisher=[[Food Tank]]
|date=January 2015
|access-date=27 December 2018
|archive-date=31 December 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231000649/https://foodtank.com/news/2015/01/one-hundred-one-global-food-organizations-to-watch-in-twenty-fifteen/
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name = "FAOalliances"/>

The [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the UN has created a partnership that will act through the [[African Union]]'s CAADP framework aiming to end hunger in Africa by 2025. It includes different interventions including support for improved food production, a strengthening of social protection and integration of the right to food into national legislation.<ref>FAO. 2015. [http://www.fao.org/africa/perspectives/end-hunger/en/ Africa's Renewed Partnership to End Hunger by 2025] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128135659/http://www.fao.org/africa/perspectives/end-hunger/en |date=28 January 2020 }}. Accessed on 1 November 2015.</ref>

===National===
[[File:Passing out groceries.jpg|thumb|Volunteers pass out food items from a food bank run by [[Feeding America]].]]
Examples of hunger relief organisations that operate on the national level include [[The Trussell Trust]] in the United Kingdom, the Nalabothu Foundation in India, and Feeding America in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://foodandnutrition.org/september-october-2013/7-top-hunger-organizations/
|title=7 Top Hunger Organizations
|work=Food & Nutrition Magazine
|date=26 August 2018
|access-date=27 December 2018
|archive-date=24 December 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224202214/http://foodandnutrition.org/september-october-2013/7-top-hunger-organizations/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

===Local===
==== Food bank ====

A [[food bank]] (or foodbank) is a non-profit, charitable organization that aids in the distribution of food to those who have difficulty purchasing enough to avoid hunger. Food banks tend to run on different operating models depending on where they are located. In the U.S., Australia, and to some extent in Canada, foodbanks tend to perform a warehouse type function, storing and delivering food to front line food orgs, but not giving it directly to hungry peoples themselves. In much of Europe and elsewhere, food banks operate on the ''front line'' model, where they hand out parcels of uncooked food direct to the hungry, typically giving them enough for several meals which they can eat in their homes. In the U.S and Australia, establishments that hand out uncooked food to individual people are instead called ''food pantries'', ''food shelves'' or ''food closets'.<ref>{{cite book | last=Riches | first=G. | title=Food Banks and the Welfare Crisis | publisher=James Lorimer Limited, Publishers | year=1986 | isbn=978-0-88810-363-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BW9CEBIslSQC&pg=PA25 | access-date=19 December 2018 | pages=25, ''passim'', see esp. "Models of Food Banks" | archive-date=12 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112203145/https://books.google.com/books?id=BW9CEBIslSQC&pg=PA25 | url-status=live }}</ref>

In [[Less Developed Countries]], there are charity-run food banks that operate on a semi-commercial system that differs from both the more common "warehouse" and "frontline" models. In some rural [[Least developed country|LDCs]] such as Malawi, food is often relatively cheap and plentiful for the first few months after the harvest, but then becomes more and more expensive. Food banks in those areas can buy large amounts of food shortly after the harvest, and then as food prices start to rise, they sell it back to local people throughout the year at well below market prices. Such food banks will sometimes also act as centers to provide small holders and subsistence farmers with various forms of support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/africa/malawi/overview |title=''The hunger project'', overview for Malawi |publisher=Thp.org |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724042611/http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/africa/malawi/overview |archive-date=24 July 2014 }}</ref>

==== Soup kitchen ====
[[File:MontrealSoupKitchen1931.jpg|thumb|A soup kitchen in [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada in 1931]]
A [[soup kitchen]], '''meal center,''' or '''food kitchen''' is a place where [[food]] is offered to the hungry for free or at a below market [[price]]. Frequently located in lower-income neighborhoods, they are often staffed by [[Volunteering|volunteer]] organizations, such as [[Church body|church]] or community groups. Soup kitchens sometimes obtain food from a [[food bank]] for free or at a low price, because they are considered a [[Charitable organization|charity]], which makes it easier for them to feed the many people who require their services.

====Others====
Local establishments calling themselves "food banks" or "soup kitchens" are often run either by Christian churches or less frequently by secular civil society groups. Other religions carry out similar hunger relief efforts, though sometimes with slightly different methods. For example, in the Sikh tradition of [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]], food is served to the hungry direct from Sikh temples. There are exceptions to this, for example in the UK Sikhs run some of the food banks, as well as giving out food direct from their [[Gurdwara]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last=  Fieldhouse| first=Paul | title=Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions  | publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-61069-411-7 | pages=97–102 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://theconversation.com/from-the-temple-to-the-street-how-sikh-kitchens-are-becoming-the-new-food-banks-44611
|title=From the temple to the street: how Sikh kitchens are becoming the new food banks
|publisher=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]
|date=22 July 2015
|access-date=3 January 2019
|archive-date=12 July 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712141215/https://theconversation.com/from-the-temple-to-the-street-how-sikh-kitchens-are-becoming-the-new-food-banks-44611
|url-status=live
}}</ref>