Editing IBM Research (section)

===Japan===
The IBM Research – Tokyo, which was called IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory (TRL) before January 2009, is one of IBM's twelve major worldwide research laboratories.<ref>{{cite book |title=Managing synergistic innovations through corporate global R&D, Volume 173 |last=Persaud |first=Ajax |author2=Uma Kumar |year=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=1-56720-463-5 |pages=82&ndash;83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsbQG9BbsFgC&q=IBM+New+York+Research+Laboratory+-+Managing+synergistic+innovations+through+corporate+global+R%26D&pg=PA82 |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312220523/https://books.google.com/books?id=HsbQG9BbsFgC&q=IBM+New+York+Research+Laboratory+-+Managing+synergistic+innovations+through+corporate+global+R%26D&pg=PA82 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a branch of IBM Research, and about 200 researchers work for TRL.<ref name="TRL">{{cite web |title=IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/tokyo/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |website=IBM Research |date=9 February 2021 |publisher=IBM |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173259/https://research.ibm.com/labs/tokyo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in [[Tokyo]], it was renamed to IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory in 1986, and moved to [[IBM Yamato Facility|Yamato]] in 1992 and back to [[IBM Toyosu Facility|Tokyo]] in 2012.

IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory was established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in Sanbanchō, [[Tokyo]]. It was IBM's first research laboratory in Asia.<ref name="TRL"/> [[Hisashi Kobayashi]] was appointed the founding director of TRL in 1982; he served as director until 1986.<ref>{{cite book |title=Network security: current status and future directions |last=Douligeris |first=Christos |author2=Dimitrios N. Serpanos |year=2007 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHys9OXMFMIC&pg=PA566|isbn=978-0-471-70355-6 |page=566}}</ref> JSI was renamed to the IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory in 1986. In 1988, English-to-Japanese machine translation system called "System for Human-Assisted Language Translation" (SHALT) was developed at TRL. It was used to translate IBM manuals.<ref name="TRL 25th Anniversary">{{cite web |title=TRL 25th Anniversary (1982-2006) |url=http://www.trl.ibm.com/history/index_e.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070504090755/http://www.trl.ibm.com/history/index_e.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2007 |publisher=IBM |access-date=16 August 2009}}</ref>

====History====
TRL was shifted from downtown Tokyo to the suburbs to share a building with [[IBM Yamato Facility]] in [[Yamato, Kanagawa|Yamato]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite book |title=Managing global innovation: uncovering the secrets of future competitiveness |last=Boutellier |first=Roman |author2=Oliver Gassmann |author3=Maximilian von Zedtwitz |year=2008 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-25441-6 |page=203 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLLeO5V7qJUC&q=In+1993,+IBM+Tokyo+Research+Laboratory&pg=PA203 |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312220535/https://books.google.com/books?id=LLLeO5V7qJUC&q=In+1993,+IBM+Tokyo+Research+Laboratory&pg=PA203 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1993, world record was accomplished for generation of continuous coherent [[Ultraviolet]] rays. In 1996, Java JIT compiler was developed at TRL, and it was released for major IBM platforms. Numerous other technological breakthroughs were made at TRL.<ref name="TRL 25th Anniversary"/>

The team led by [[Chieko Asakawa]] ([[:ja:浅川智恵子]]), [[IBM Fellow]] since 2009, provided basic technology for IBM's software programs for the visually handicapped, [[IBM Home Page Reader]] in 1997 and IBM aiBrowser ([[:ja:aiBrowser]]) in 2007. TRL moved back to Tokyo in 2012, this time at [[IBM Toyosu Facility]].

====Research====
TRL researchers are responsible for numerous breakthroughs in sciences and engineering. The researchers have presented multiple papers at international conferences, and published numerous papers in international journals.<ref name="Core Research Competency">{{cite web |title=Core Research Competency |url=http://www.trl.ibm.com/projects/index_e.htm |publisher=IBM |access-date=16 August 2009 |archive-date=10 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010154329/http://www.trl.ibm.com/projects/index_e.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Technical Paper |url=http://www.trl.ibm.com/news/publication_e.htm |publisher=IBM |access-date=21 August 2009 |archive-date=20 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120120026/http://www.trl.ibm.com/news/publication_e.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> They have also contributed to the products and services of IBM, and patent filings.<ref name="Core Research Competency"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Research Results |url=http://www.trl.ibm.com/news/highlight_e.htm |publisher=IBM |access-date=16 August 2009 |archive-date=9 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009105643/http://www.trl.ibm.com/news/highlight_e.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> TRL conducts research in microdevices, [[system software]], [[security]] and [[privacy]], [[analytics]] and [[Optimization (mathematics)|optimization]], [[human computer interaction]], [[embedded systems]], and services sciences.<ref name="Core Research Competency"/>

====Other activities====
TRL collaborates with the [[List of universities in Japan|Japanese universities]], and support their research programs. IBM donates its equipment such as servers, storage systems, and so forth to the Japanese universities to support their research programs under the Shared University Research (SUR) program.<ref name="Collaboration with Academia">{{cite web |title=Collaboration with Academia |url=http://www.research.ibm.com/trl/academic/index_e.htm |publisher=IBM |access-date=17 August 2009 |archive-date=22 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622115727/http://www.research.ibm.com/trl/academic/index_e.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1987, IBM Japan Science Prize was created to recognize researchers, who are not over 45 years old, working at Japanese universities or public research institutes. It is awarded in [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[computer science]], and [[electronics]].<ref name="Collaboration with Academia"/>