Editing Inkstone (section)

===Four Famous Inkstones===
Four kinds of Chinese inkstones are especially noted in inkstone art history and are popularly known as the "Four Famous Inkstones".

#'''Duan inkstones''' ({{zh|s=端砚|t=端硯|p=Duānyàn}}) are produced in [[Zhaoqing]], [[Guangdong Province]], and got its name from [[Duan Prefecture]] that governed the city during the [[Tang dynasty]].<ref name="zhangwei-duan"/> Duan stone is a volcanic [[tuff]], commonly of a purple to a purple-red color. There are various distinctive markings, due to various rock materials imbedded in the stone, that create unique designs and [[Inclusion (mineral)|stone eyes (inclusions)]] which were traditionally valued in China.<ref name="zhangwei-duan">{{cite book|last=Zhang|first=Wei|title=The four treasures: inside the scholar's studio|year=2004|publisher=Long River Press|location=San Francisco|isbn=1-59265-015-5|pages=39–41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrQ0tSPve8EC}}</ref> A green variety of the stone was mined in the Song dynasty. Duan inkstones are carefully categorized by the mines (k'eng) from which the raw stone was excavated. Particular mines were open only for discrete periods in history. For example, the Mazukeng mine was originally opened in the Qianlong reign (1736–1795), although reopened in modern times.
#'''She inkstones''' ({{zh|s=歙砚|t=歙硯|p=Shèyàn}}) come from [[She County, Anhui|She County]] ([[Anhui Province]]) and [[Wuyuan County, Jiangxi|Wuyuan County]] ([[Jiangxi Province]]). Both counties were under jurisdiction of the ancient She Prefecture of [[Huizhou (region)|Huizhou]] during the Tang dynasty when the She inkstone was first made. This stone is a variety of slate and like Duan stone is categorized by the various mines from which the stone was obtained historically. It has a black color and also displays a variety of gold-like markings.<ref name="zhangwei-she" /> She inkstones were first used during the [[Tang dynasty]].<ref name="zhangwei-she">{{cite book|last=Zhang|first=Wei|title=The four treasures: inside the scholar's studio|year=2004|publisher=Long River Press|location=San Francisco|isbn=1-59265-015-5|pages=48–49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrQ0tSPve8EC}}</ref>
#'''Tao(he) inkstones''' ({{zh|s=洮(河)砚|t=洮(河)硯|p=Táo(hé)yàn}}) are made from the stones found at the bottom of the [[Tao River]] in [[Gansu Province]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Gansu Tao Inkstone|url=http://www.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/08/content_21884.htm|work=chinaculture.org|publisher=Ministry of Culture, P.R.China|access-date=3 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324142350/http://www.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/08/content_21884.htm|archive-date=24 March 2014}}</ref> These inkstones were first used during the [[Song dynasty]] and became rapidly desired.<ref name="zhangwei-taohe"/> It bears distinct markings such as bands of ripples with varying shades.<ref name="zhangwei-taohe">{{cite book|last=Zhang|first=Wei|title=The four treasures: inside the scholar's studio|year=2004|publisher=Long River Press|location=San Francisco|isbn=1-59265-015-5|pages=49–52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrQ0tSPve8EC}}</ref> The stone is crystalline and looks like jade. These stones have become increasingly rare and are difficult to find. It can easily be confused with a green Duan stone, but can be distinguished by its crystalline nature.
#'''Chengni inkstones''' ({{zh|s=澄泥砚|t=澄泥硯|p=Chéngníyàn}}) are ceramic-manufactured inkstones. This process began in the Tang dynasty and is said to have originated in [[Luoyang]], [[Henan]].