Editing Innatism (section)

== Contemporary approaches ==

=== Linguistics ===
In his ''[[Meno]]'', Plato raises an important epistemological quandary: How is it that we have certain ideas that are not conclusively derivable from our environments? [[Noam Chomsky]] has taken this problem as a philosophical framework for the scientific inquiry into innatism. His linguistic theory, which derives from 18th century [[Classical liberalism|classical-liberal]] thinkers such as [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]], attempts to explain in cognitive terms how we can develop knowledge of systems which are said, by supporters of innatism, to be too rich and complex to be derived from our environment. One such example is our linguistic faculty. Our linguistic systems contain a systemic complexity which supposedly could not be empirically derived: the environment seems too [[Poverty of the stimulus|poor, variable and indeterminate]], according to Chomsky, to explain the extraordinary ability to learn complex concepts possessed by very young children. Essentially, their accurate grammatical knowledge cannot have originated from their experiences as their experiences are not adequate.<ref name=":0" /> It follows that humans must be born with a [[Universal grammar|universal innate grammar]], which is determinate and has a highly organized directive component, and enables the language learner to ascertain and categorize language heard into a system. Chomsky states that the ability to learn how to properly construct sentences or know which sentences are grammatically incorrect is an ability gained from innate knowledge.<ref name=":1" /> Noam Chomsky cites as evidence for this theory, the apparent invariability, according to his views, of human languages at a fundamental level. In this way, linguistics may provide a window into the human mind, and establish scientific theories of innateness which otherwise would remain merely speculative.

One implication of Noam Chomsky's innatism, if correct, is that at least a part of human knowledge consists in cognitive predispositions, which are triggered and developed by the environment, but not determined by it. Chomsky suggests that we can look at how a belief is acquired as an input-output situation. He supports the doctrine of innatism as he states that human beliefs gathered from sensory experience are much richer and complex than the experience itself. He asserts that the extra information gathered is from the mind itself as it cannot solely be from  experiences. Humans derive excess amount of information from their environment so some of that information must be pre-determined.<ref name=":0">Stich, S. P. (1975). ''Innate ideas''. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.</ref>