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Intertextuality
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== Non-literary uses == In addition, the concept of intertextuality has been used analytically outside the sphere of literature and art. For example, Devitt (1991) examined how the various genres of letters composed by tax accountants refer to the tax codes in genre-specific ways.<ref>Devitt, A. (1991). Intertextuality in tax accounting. In ''Textual Dynamics of the Professions: Historical and Contemporary Studies of Writing in Professional Communities''. Madison WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Pages 336-357.</ref> In another example, Christensen (2016)<ref>Christensen, L.R. (2016). On Intertext in Chemotherapy: an Ethnography of Text in Medical Practice. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing and Work Practices. Volume 25, Issue 1, pp 1-38</ref> introduces the concept of intertextuality to the analysis of work practice at a hospital. The study shows that the ensemble of documents used and produced at a hospital department can be said to form a corpus of written texts. On the basis of the corpus, or subsections thereof, the actors in cooperative work create intertext between relevant (complementary) texts in a particular situation, for a particular purpose. The intertext of a particular situation can be constituted by several kinds of intertextuality, including the complementary type, the intratextual type and the mediated type. In this manner the concept of intertext has had an impact beyond literature and art studies. In scientific and other scholarly writing intertextuality is core to the collaborative nature of knowledge building and thus citation practices are important to the social organization of fields, the codification of knowledge, and the reward system for professional contribution.<ref>Merton, R. K. (1957). Priorities in scientific discovery. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 635-659.</ref> Scientists can be skillfully intentional in the use of references to prior work in order to position the contribution of their work.<ref>Swales, J. (1981). Aspects of article introductions. Language Studies Unit, University of Aston in Birmingham.</ref><ref>Bazerman, C. (1993). Intertextual self-fashioning: Gould and Lewontin's representations of the literature. In R. Selzer (Ed.), Understanding scientific prose (pp. 20-41). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref> Modern practices of scientific citation, however, have only developed since the late eighteenth century<ref>Bazerman, C. (1991). How natural philosophers can cooperate: The rhetorical technology of coordinated research in Joseph Priestley's History and Present State of Electricity. In C. Bazerman & J. Paradis (Eds.), Textual dynamics of the professions (pp. 13-44). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref> and vary across fields, in part influenced by disciplines’ epistemologies.<ref>C. Bazerman (1987). Codifying the social scientific style: The APA Publication Manual as a behaviorist rhetoric. In J. Nelson, A. Megill, & D. McCloskey (Eds.). The rhetoric of the human sciences (pp. 125-144). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref>
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