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Iridescence
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==== Vertebrates ==== The [[feather]]s of birds such as [[kingfisher]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stavenga |first1=D. G. |last2=Tinbergen |first2=J. |last3=Leertouwer |first3=H. L. |last4=Wilts |first4=B. D. |title=Kingfisher feathers β colouration by pigments, spongy nanostructures and thin films |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=9 November 2011 |volume=214 |issue=23 |pages=3960β3967 |doi=10.1242/jeb.062620 |pmid=22071186 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2011JExpB.214.3960S }}</ref> [[birds-of-paradise]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stavenga |first1=Doekele G. |last2=Leertouwer |first2=Hein L. |last3=Marshall |first3=N. Justin |last4=Osorio |first4=Daniel |title=Dramatic colour changes in a bird of paradise caused by uniquely structured breast feather barbules |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=15 December 2010 |volume=278 |issue=1715 |pages=2098β2104 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.2293 |pmid=21159676 |pmc=3107630 }}</ref> [[hummingbird]]s, [[parrot]]s, [[starling]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cuthill |first1=I. C. |last2=Bennett |first2=A. T. D. |last3=Partridge |first3=J. C. |last4=Maier |first4=E. J. |title=Plumage Reflectance and the Objective Assessment of Avian Sexual Dichromatism |journal=The American Naturalist |date=February 1999 |volume=153 |issue=2 |pages=183β200 |doi=10.1086/303160 |pmid=29578758 |jstor=303160 |bibcode=1999ANat..153..183C |s2cid=4386607 }}</ref> [[grackle]]s, [[duck]]s, and [[peacock]]s<ref name="peacock" /> are iridescent. The lateral line on the [[neon tetra]] is also iridescent.<ref name="yoshioka" /> A single iridescent species of gecko, ''[[Cnemaspis kolhapurensis]]'', was identified in India in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8166904.stm |title=New lizard species found in India|date=24 July 2009 |work=[[BBC Online]] |access-date=20 February 2014}}</ref> The [[tapetum lucidum]], present in the [[eye]]s of many vertebrates, is also iridescent.<ref>{{cite book |last=Engelking|first=Larry |title=Review of Veterinary Physiology|year=2002 |publisher=Teton NewMedia |isbn=978-1-893441-69-9 |page=90}}</ref> Iridescence is known to be present among prehistoric non-avian and avian dinosaurs such as [[Dromaeosauridae|dromaeosaurids]], [[enantiornithes]], and [[Lithornithidae|lithornithids]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eliason |first1=Chad M. |last2=Clarke |first2=Julia A. |title=Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds |journal=Science Advances |date=13 May 2020 |volume=6 |issue=20 |pages=eaba0187 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aba0187 |pmid=32426504 |pmc=7220335|bibcode=2020SciA....6..187E }}</ref> Muscle tissues can display irisdescence. <ref>{{cite journal |title= Iridescence in Meat Caused by Surface Gratings |journal=Foods |date=2013-11-11 |doi=10.3390/foods2040499 |doi-access=free |last1=Martinez-Hurtado |first1=Juan |last2=Akram |first2=Muhammad |last3=Yetisen |first3=Ali |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=499β506 |pmid=28239133 |pmc=5302279 }}</ref> <gallery class="center"> File:Peacock 2.jpg|Both the body and the train of the peacock are iridescent File:NeonTetra.JPG|A [[neon tetra]] File:Rainbow boa peruvian.jpg|The [[rainbow boa]] File:Nicobar Pigeon 820.jpg|[[Nicobar pigeon]] </gallery>
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