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Jigsaw puzzle
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==Research studies== Studies have shown that the ability to solve jigsaw puzzles develops during early childhood. During this time there is significant development in cognitive abilities such as mental rotation and [[Visuospatial function|visuospatial ability]], which can be used to solve a puzzle. Throughout life those abilities can continue to develop. In 2021, researchers conducted a study during which a group of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years old were asked to complete three different types of jigsaw puzzles. Each child was given a normal jigsaw puzzle with a picture on it, another with normal shaped pieces but without an image on it and finally a puzzle with an image on it but all the pieces were shaped the same. They were shown the completed versions then asked to reassemble them. The children were given three minutes to complete each puzzle; half of the group was given a guide picture while the other half was not. The results revealed that 4 and 5 year olds were able to complete all three puzzles within the allotted time, meanwhile most 3-year-olds were able to complete the normal jigsaw puzzle and the puzzle of normal shaped pieces without an image on it but struggled more with the puzzle that had an image but all the pieces were shaped the same. With all of the children the fastest completion time was with the normal puzzle and the slowest was with the puzzle with an image and same shaped pieces; there were also fewer errors in with the children that had a guide.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Doherty |first1=Martin J. |last2=Wimmer |first2=Marina C. |last3=Gollek |first3=Cornelia |last4=Stone |first4=Charlotte |last5=Robinson |first5=Elizabeth J. |date=2021 |title=Piecing Together the Puzzle of Pictorial Representation: How Jigsaw Puzzles Index Metacognitive Development |journal=Child Development |language=en |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=205–221 |doi=10.1111/cdev.13391 |pmid=32726493 |s2cid=219649710 |issn=0009-3920|doi-access=free |hdl=10026.1/15569 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The cognitive development between the different ages can be seen in their completion times and how many errors were made. The older children were able to complete the puzzles with fewer errors because their mental rotation abilities, which is the ability to rotate an object in your mind to see it from a different perspective, are further developed than they are for younger children who are more likely to resort to trial and error. The difference in the visuospatial abilities between boys and girls were studied in 2017 using jigsaw puzzles. A second-grade class was asked to complete three different puzzles, the first was a neutral one of a horse, second was a male-oriented one of a [[tractor]], and the third was a female-oriented one of the character [[Bambi]]. The Bambi puzzle had the fastest completion time with all the children which is believed to be caused by their previous experience, and because it was finished the fastest with all of the children researchers do not believe there is a connection between the puzzles' targeted audience and the sex of the children. Overall the girls in the class were faster, and made fewer errors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kocijan |first1=Vid |last2=Horvat |first2=Marina |last3=Majdic |first3=Gregor |date=2017-10-23 |title=Robust Sex Differences in Jigsaw Puzzle Solving—Are Boys Really Better in Most Visuospatial Tasks? |journal=Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |volume=11 |pages=194 |doi=10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00194 |issn=1662-5153 |pmc=5660068 |pmid=29109682 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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