Editing July Monarchy (section)

=== The "Resistance" and the "Movement" ===
Although some voices began to push for the closure of the Republican clubs, which fomented revolutionary agitation, the Minister of Justice, {{lang|fr|[[Jacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure|Dupont de l'Eure]]|italic=no}}, and the Parisian public prosecutor, Bernard, both Republicans, refused to prosecute revolutionary associations (the French law prohibited meetings of more than 20 persons).

However, on 25 September 1830, the Minister of Interior {{lang|fr|[[François Guizot|Guizot]]|italic=no}} responded to a deputy's question on the subject by stigmatizing the "revolutionary state", which he conflated with chaos, to which he opposed the [[Glorious Revolution]] in England in 1688.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sudhir Hazareesingh |title=How the French Think |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfKlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 |year=2015 |publisher=Basic Books |page=215 |isbn=978-0-465-06166-2 }}</ref>

Two political currents thereafter made their appearance, and would structure political life under the July Monarchy: the [[Movement Party (France)|Movement Party]] and the [[Resistance Party (France)|Resistance Party]]. The first was [[reformist]] and in favor of support to the nationalists who were trying, all over of Europe, to shake the grip of the various Empires in order to create [[nation-states]]. Its mouthpiece was {{lang|fr|[[Le National (newspaper)|Le National]]}}. The second was conservative and supported peace with European monarchs, and had as mouthpiece {{lang|fr|[[Le Journal des débats]]}}.

The [[trial of Charles X's ministers]], arrested in August 1830 while they were fleeing, became the major political issue. The [[French Left|left]] demanded their heads, but this was opposed by {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}}, who feared a spiral of violence and the renewal of [[reign of Terror|revolutionary Terror]]. Thus, on 27 September 1830 the Chamber of Deputies passed a resolution charging the former ministers, but at the same time, in an address to King {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} on 8 October, invited him to present a draft law repealing the [[capital punishment in France|death penalty]], at least for political crimes. This in turn provoked popular discontent on 17 and 18 October, with the masses marching on the [[Château de Vincennes]] where the former ministers were detained.

Following these riots, Interior Minister Guizot requested the resignation of the [[prefect of Paris|Prefect of the Seine]], {{lang|fr|[[Odilon Barrot]]|italic=no}}, who had criticized the parliamentarians' address to the king. Supported by {{lang|fr|[[Victor de Broglie (1785-1870)|Victor de Broglie]]|italic=no}}, Guizot considered that an important civil servant could not criticize an act of the Chamber of Deputies, particularly when it had been approved by the King and his government. {{lang|fr|[[Dupont de l'Eure]]|italic=no}} took {{lang|fr|Barrot|italic=no}}'s side, threatening to resign if the king disavowed him. The banker {{lang|fr|[[Jacques Laffitte|Laffitte]]|italic=no}}, one of the main figures of the {{lang|fr|Parti du mouvement}}, thereupon put himself forward to coordinate the ministers with the title of "[[President of the Council (France)|President of the Council]]". This immediately led Broglie and Guizot, of the {{lang|fr|Parti de l'Ordre}}, to resign, followed by {{lang|fr|[[Casimir Perier]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|[[André Dupin]]|italic=no}}, the [[Louis-Mathieu Molé|Count Molé]] and {{lang|fr|[[Joseph-Dominique Louis]]|italic=no}}. Confronted to the {{lang|fr|Parti de l'Ordre}}'s defeat, {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} decided to put {{lang|fr|Laffitte|italic=no}} to trial, hoping that the exercise of power would discredit him. He thus called him to form a new government on 2 November 1830.