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Kennedy–Thorndike experiment
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=== Lunar laser ranging === In addition to terrestrial measurements, Kennedy–Thorndike experiments were carried out by Müller & Soffel (1995)<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Müller, J. |author2=Soffel, M. H. |title=A Kennedy–Thorndike experiment using LLR data|journal=Physics Letters A|volume=198|year=1995|pages=71–73|doi=10.1016/0375-9601(94)01001-B|issue=2|bibcode = 1995PhLA..198...71M }}</ref> and Müller et al. (1999)<ref name=muell99>{{cite journal|author=Müller, J., Nordtvedt, K., Schneider, M., Vokrouhlicky, D.|title=Improved Determination of Relativistic Quantities from LLR|journal=Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation|volume=10|year=1999|pages=216–222|url=http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/lw11/docs/lrw_llrpan.pdf|archive-date=2012-07-22|access-date=2012-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722040448/http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/lw11/docs/lrw_llrpan.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> using [[Lunar Laser Ranging experiment|Lunar Laser Ranging]] data, in which the Earth-Moon distance is evaluated to an accuracy of centimeters. If there is a [[preferred frame]] of reference and the speed of light depends on the observer's velocity, then anomalous oscillations should be observable in the Earth-Moon distance measurements. Since time dilation is already confirmed to high precision, the observance of such oscillations would demonstrate dependence of the speed of light on the observer’s velocity, as well as direction dependence of length contraction. However, no such oscillations were observed in either study, with a RMS velocity bound of ~10<sup>−5</sup>,<ref name=muell99 /> comparable to the bounds set by Hils and Hall (1990). Hence both length contraction and time dilation must have the values predicted by relativity.
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