Editing Ket language (section)

=== Consonants ===
Vajda analyses Ket as having only 12 consonant phonemes:

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!colspan=2| 
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPAlink|m}}
| {{IPAlink|n}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|t}}
|
| {{IPAlink|k}}
| {{IPAlink|q}}
|
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPAlink|b}}
| {{IPAlink|d}}
|
| 
| 
| 
|-
!rowspan=2| [[Fricative]]
! {{small|[[Central consonant|central]]}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|s}}
| {{IPAlink|ç}}
|
|
| {{IPAlink|h}}
|-
! {{small|[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ɮ}}
|
|
|
|
|}
It is one of the few languages to lack both {{IPA|/p/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wals.info/valuesets/5A-ket|title=WALS Online – Datapoint Ket / Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems}}</ref> along with [[Arapaho language|Arapaho]], [[Goliath language|Goliath]], [[Obokuitai language|Obokuitai]], [[Palauan language|Palauan]], and [[Efik language|Efik]], as well as classical [[Arabic]] and some modern Arabic dialects.

There is much [[allophony]], and the phonetic inventory of consonants is essentially as below. This is the level of description reflected by the Ket alphabet.

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|- 
!colspan=3| 
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan=3| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPAlink|m}}
| {{IPAlink|n}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2| [[Plosive]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPAlink|p}}
| {{IPAlink|t}}
|
| {{IPAlink|k}}
| {{IPAlink|q}}
| {{IPAlink|ʔ}}
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPAlink|b}}
| {{IPAlink|d}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ɡ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɢ}}
| 
|-
!rowspan=3| [[Fricative]]
!rowspan=2| {{small|[[Central consonant|central]]}}
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|s}}
| {{IPAlink|ç}}
| ({{IPAlink|x}})
| ({{IPAlink|χ}})
| {{IPAlink|h}}
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPAlink|β}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|ʝ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɣ}}
| {{IPAlink|ʁ}}
| 
|-
! colspan=2| {{small|[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ɮ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=3| [[Flap consonant|Flap]]
|
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=3| [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
| {{IPAlink|r}}
|
|
|
|
|}

Furthermore, all nasal consonants in Ket have voiceless allophones at the end of a monosyllabic word with a glottalized or descending tone (i.e. {{IPA|[m, n, ŋ]}} turn into {{IPA|[m̥, n̥, ŋ̥]}}), likewise, {{IPA|[ɮ]}} becomes {{IPA|[ɬ]}} in the same situation. Alveolars are often pronounced [[laminal consonant|laminal]] and possibly [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]], though not in the vicinity of a uvular consonant. {{IPA|/q/}} is normally pronounced with affrication, as {{IPA|[𐞥χ]}}.