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===Scales with flat key signatures=== There can be up to seven flats in a key signature, applied as: {{nowrap|B{{music|flat}} E{{music|flat}} A{{music|flat}} D{{music|flat}} G{{music|flat}} C{{music|flat}} F{{music|flat}}}}<ref name="Bower"/><ref name="Jones"/> The major scale with one flat is F major. In all major scales with flat key signatures, the tonic in a major key is a perfect fourth below the last flat. When there is more than one flat, the tonic is the note of the second-to-last flat in the signature.<ref name="Kennedy"/> In the major key with four flats (B{{music|flat}} E{{music|flat}} A{{music|flat}} D{{music|flat}}), for example, the second to last flat is A{{music|flat}}, indicating a key of A{{music|flat}} major. Each new scale starts a fifth ''below'' (or a [[Perfect fourth|fourth]] above) the previous one. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Major key !! Number<br />of flats !! Flat notes !! Minor key !! Enharmonic<br />equivalent |- | [[C major]] || 0 || β || [[A minor]] ||rowspan="5"| None |- | [[F major]] || 1 || B{{music|flat}} || [[D minor]] |- | [[B-flat major|B{{music|flat}} major]] || 2 || B{{music|flat}}, E{{music|flat}} || [[G minor]] |- | [[E-flat major|E{{music|flat}} major]] || 3 || B{{music|flat}}, E{{music|flat}}, A{{music|flat}} || [[C minor]] |- | [[A-flat major|A{{music|flat}} major]] || 4 || B{{music|flat}}, E{{music|flat}}, A{{music|flat}}, D{{music|flat}} || [[F minor]] |- | [[D-flat major|D{{music|flat}} major]] || 5 || B{{music|flat}}, E{{music|flat}}, A{{music|flat}}, D{{music|flat}}, G{{music|flat}} || [[B-flat minor|B{{music|flat}} minor]] || [[C-sharp major|C{{music|sharp}} major]]/[[A-sharp minor|A{{music|sharp}} minor]] |- | [[G-flat major|G{{music|flat}} major]] || 6 || B{{music|flat}}, E{{music|flat}}, A{{music|flat}}, D{{music|flat}}, G{{music|flat}}, C{{music|flat}} || [[E-flat minor|E{{music|flat}} minor]] || [[F-sharp major|F{{music|sharp}} major]]/[[D-sharp minor|D{{music|sharp}} minor]] |- | [[C-flat major|C{{music|flat}} major]] || 7 || B{{music|flat}}, E{{music|flat}}, A{{music|flat}}, D{{music|flat}}, G{{music|flat}}, C{{music|flat}}, F{{music|flat}} || [[A-flat minor|A{{music|flat}} minor]] || [[B major]]/[[G-sharp minor|G{{music|sharp}} minor]] |}
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