Editing Kidney failure (section)

=== Acute kidney injury ===
{{Main|Acute kidney injury}}
Acute kidney injury (previously known as acute renal failure) – or AKI – usually occurs when the blood supply to the kidneys is suddenly interrupted or when the kidneys become overloaded with toxins. Causes of acute kidney injury include accidents, injuries, or complications from surgeries in which the kidneys are deprived of normal blood flow for extended periods of time. Heart-bypass surgery is an example of one such procedure.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

Drug overdoses, accidental or from chemical overloads of drugs such as antibiotics or chemotherapy, along with bee stings<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Silva GB, Vasconcelos AG, Rocha AM, Vasconcelos VR, Barros J, Fujishima JS, Ferreira NB, Barros EJ, Daher EF | display-authors = 6 | title = Acute kidney injury complicating bee stings - a review | journal = Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo | volume = 59 | pages = e25 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28591253 | pmc = 5459532 | doi = 10.1590/S1678-9946201759025 }}</ref> may also cause the onset of acute kidney injury. Unlike chronic kidney disease, however, the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney injury, allowing the person with AKI to resume a normal life. People with acute kidney injury require supportive treatment until their kidneys recover function, and they often remain at increased risk of developing future kidney failure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/Kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/#7 |title=The Kidneys and How They Work |author=National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse |year=2012 |publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |access-date=1 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502081848/http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/Kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/#7 |archive-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Among the accidental causes of renal failure is the [[crush syndrome]], when large amounts of [[toxin]]s are suddenly released in the [[blood circulation]] after a long compressed [[Limb (anatomy)|limb]] is suddenly relieved from the pressure obstructing the blood flow through its tissues, causing [[Kidney Ischemia|ischemia]]. The resulting overload can lead to the clogging and the destruction of the kidneys. It is a [[reperfusion injury]] that appears after the release of the crushing pressure. The mechanism is believed to be the release into the bloodstream of muscle breakdown products – notably [[myoglobin]], [[potassium]], and [[phosphorus]] – that are the products of [[rhabdomyolysis]] (the breakdown of skeletal muscle damaged by [[ischemia|ischemic]] conditions). The specific action on the [[kidney]]s is not fully understood, but may be due in part to [[nephrotoxicity|nephrotoxic]] [[metabolite]]s of myoglobin.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}