Editing Koreans (section)

==Demographics==
[[File:Korea-Seoul-Royal wedding ceremony 1365-06.JPG|thumb|Traditional Korean royal wedding ceremony with the male wearing royal costume]]
{{main|Korean diaspora|Demographics of South Korea}}
Large-scale emigration from Korea began as early as the mid-1860s, mainly into the [[Russian Far East]] and [[Northeast China]] (also historically known by the [[Endonym and exonym|exonym]] [[Manchuria]]); these populations would later grow to more than two million [[Koreans in China]] and several hundred thousand [[Koryo-saram]] (ethnic Koreans in Central Asia and the former [[USSR]]).<ref name="LeeKK">{{cite book|title=Overseas Koreans|author=Lee Kwang-kyu|publisher=Jimoondang|location=Seoul|year=2000|isbn=978-89-88095-18-8}}
</ref><ref name="SJKim">{{cite conference|title=The Economic Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in China|book-title=The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy|last=Kim|first=Si-joong|pages=Ch. 6: 101–131|publisher=Institute for International Economics|url=http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/6iie3586.pdf|year=2003|access-date=5 February 2008|archive-date=27 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102244/http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/6iie3586.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[Korea under Japanese rule]] of 1910–1945, Koreans were often recruited and or forced into labour service to work in [[mainland Japan]], [[Karafuto Prefecture]] ([[Sakhalin]]), and [[Manchukuo]]; the ones who chose to remain in Japan at the end of the war became known as [[Zainichi Koreans]], while the roughly 40,000 Koreans who were trapped in Karafuto after the Soviet invasion are typically referred to as [[Sakhalin Koreans]].<ref name="Byong">{{cite news|last=Ban |first=Byung-yool |title=Koreans in Russia: Historical Perspective |date=22 September 2004 |access-date=20 November 2006 |url=http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200409/kt2004092218583111950.htm |work=[[The Korea Times]]|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318164348/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200409/kt2004092218583111950.htm |archive-date=18 March 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2220|title=Legal Categories, Demographic Change and Japan's Korean Residents in the Long Twentieth Century|last1=Nonzaki|first1=Yoshiki|last2=Inokuchi|first2=Hiromitsu|last3=Kim|first3=Tae-Young|journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus|volume=4|issue=9|date=4 September 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125052048/http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2220|archive-date=25 January 2007}}</ref>

=== South Korea ===
[[File:Folklorecoreano.jpg|thumb|Korean folklore show in [[La Coruña]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], ([[Spain]]).]]
In June 2012, South Korea's population reached 50 million<ref>{{cite news|title=South Korea's population passes 50 million|url=http://www.asianewsnet.net/home/news.php?id=32310|date=22 July 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828073327/http://www.asianewsnet.net/news-32310.html|archive-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> and by the end of 2016, South Korea's population has surpassed 51 million people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL|title=Population, total {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528005736/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the 2000s, South Korea has been struggling with a low birthrate, leading some researchers to suggest that if current population trends hold, the country's population will shrink to approximately 38 million population towards the end of the 21st century.<ref>These estimates are based on UN population division of 2017 version.</ref> In 2018, fertility in South Korea became again a topic of international debate after only 26,500 babies were born in October and an estimated of 325,000 babies in the year, causing the country to have the lowest birth rate in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2018&no=805398|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190123040242/https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2018&no=805398|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2019|title=S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October …|date=23 January 2019|website=archive.fo|access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/06/30/south-koreas-fertility-rate-is-the-lowest-in-the-world|title=South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world|date=30 June 2018|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=23 January 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223517/https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/06/30/south-koreas-fertility-rate-is-the-lowest-in-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/01/119_262267.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190130015554/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/01/119_262267.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2019|title=Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official|date=30 January 2019|website=archive.fo|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>

===North Korea===
{{further|Demographics of North Korea}}
[[File:Panmunjeom inside barack.jpg|thumb|North Korean soldiers wearing Soviet-inspired uniform in the [[Joint Security Area]]]]
Estimating the size, growth rate, [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]], and age structure of North Korea's population has been extremely difficult. Until release of official data in 1989, the 1963 edition of the North Korea Central Yearbook was the last official publication to disclose population figures. After 1963 demographers used varying methods to estimate the population. They either totalled the number of delegates elected to the [[Supreme People's Assembly]] (each delegate representing 50,000 people before 1962 and 30,000 people afterwards) or relied on official statements that a certain number of persons, or percentage of the population, was engaged in a particular activity. Thus, on the basis of remarks made by President [[Kim Il Sung]] in 1977 concerning school attendance, the population that year was calculated at 17.2 million persons. During the 1980s, health statistics, including life expectancy and causes of mortality, were gradually made available to the outside world.<ref name="Savada1994">{{Country study|article=''North Korea: A Country Study''|url=https://archive.org/details/PAM550-81|editor-last=Savada|editor-first=Andreas Matles|accessdate=27 July 2013}} Fourth ed. Washington: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. {{ISBN|0-8444-0794-1}}.{{page needed|date=June 2022}}</ref>

In 1989, the [[Central Bureau of Statistics (North Korea)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] released demographic data to the [[United Nations Population Fund]] in order to secure the UNFPA's assistance in holding North Korea's first nationwide census since the establishment of the state in 1948. Although the figures given to the United Nations might have been distorted, it appears that in line with other attempts to open itself to the outside world, the North Korean regime has also opened somewhat in the demographic realm. Although the country lacks trained demographers, accurate data on household registration, migration, and births and deaths are available to North Korean authorities. According to the United States scholar [[Nicholas Eberstadt]] and demographer Brian Ko, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ''ri'' ("village", the [[Administrative divisions of North Korea#Third-level divisions|local administrative unit]]) level in rural areas and the ''dong'' ("district" or "block") level in urban areas.<ref name="Savada1994" />

=== Korean diaspora ===
Korean emigration to the U.S. was known to have begun as early as 1903, but the [[Korean Americans|Korean American]] community did not grow to a significant size until after the passage of the [[Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965]]; as of 2017, excluding the undocumented and uncounted, roughly 1.85 million Koreans emigrants and people of Korean descent live in the United States according to the official figure by the US Census.<ref name="koreanamericanstory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanamericanstory.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=199&Itemid=134|title=KoreanAmericanStory.org|website=KoreanAmericanStory.org|access-date=24 December 2013|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224083916/http://www.koreanamericanstory.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=199&Itemid=134|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Greater Los Angeles Area]] and [[New York metropolitan area]] in the United States contain the largest populations of ethnic Koreans outside of Korea or China. The Korean population in the United States represents a small share of the American economy, but has a disproportionately positive impact.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} [[Korean Americans]] have a savings rate double that of the U.S. average and also graduate from college at a rate double that of the U.S. average, providing highly skilled and educated professionals to the American workforce.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} According to the U.S. Census Bureau's Census 2021 data, median household earnings for Korean Americans was $82,946, approximately 19.0% higher than the U.S. average at the time of $69,717.<ref name="United States Census Bureau">{{cite web |url =https://data.census.gov/table?q=asian%20alone&t=001:016:018:023:Educational%20Attainment:Employment:Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals):Occupation&y=2021 |title=Selected Population Profile in the United States |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |date=2021 |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>

Significant Overseas Korean populations are also present in China, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, and Canada as well. The number of [[Koreans in Indonesia]] grew during the 1980s, while during the 1990s and 2000s the number of [[Koreans in the Philippines]] and [[Koreans in Vietnam]] have also grown significantly.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|url=http://members.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/028.html|title=Ho Chi Minh Money Trail|last=Kelly|first=Tim|date=18 September 2006|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=27 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216073522/http://members.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/028.html|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Meinardus">{{cite news|url=http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200512/kt2005121517211054280.htm|title="Korean Wave" in Philippines|last=Meinardus|first=Ronaldo|date=15 December 2005|access-date=16 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113170244/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200512/kt2005121517211054280.htm|archive-date=13 January 2006|url-status=dead|work=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> In Central Asia, significant populations reside in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, as well as parts of Russia including the [[Russian Far East|Far East]]. Known as [[Koryo-saram]], many of these are descendants of Koreans who were forcely deported during the Soviet Union's [[Stalin]] regime.<ref>{{citation |last=Pohl |first=J. Otto |title=Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=0-313-30921-3 |year=1999 |page=11}}</ref> The Korean overseas community of [[Uzbekistan]] is the 5th largest outside Korea.<ref name="MOFA"/>

[[British Koreans]] now form Western Europe's largest Korean community, albeit still relatively small; [[Koreans in Germany]] used to outnumber those in the UK until the late 1990s. In Australia, [[Korean Australians]] comprise a modest minority. Koreans have migrated{{where|date=March 2021}} significantly since the 1960s.

===Part-Korean populations===
[[Pak Noja]] said that there were 5,747 Japanese-Korean couples in Korea at the end of 1941.<!--This information is in the paragraph that starts with "The renewed emphasis was". The article uses Pak Noja's former name of "Vladimir Tikhonov" in green text under his photograph.--><ref>[[Pak Noja|Tikhonov, Vladimir]]. (2013). Korean-Japanese Marriages in 1920s-40s Korean Prose. [[University of Texas at Austin]] Center for East Asian Studies. Retrieved 31 May 2017, from [http://liberalarts.utexas.edu/eastasia/events/event.php?id=28377 link.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704034919/https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/eastasia/events/event.php?id=28377 |date=4 July 2020 }}</ref> Pak Cheil estimated there to be 70,000 to 80,000 "semi-Koreans" in Japan in the years immediately after the war.<!--This information is in the third paragraph of page 89. The phrase "years immediately after the war" is a rewording of the source text's phrase "immediate postwar years".--><ref>Lie, John. (2008). Zainichi (Koreans in Japan): Diasporic Nationalism and Postcolonial Identity. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. p. 89. Retrieved 31 May 2017, from [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pjpb7UgTheoC&q=Pak%20Cheil%20estimated link.]</ref> Many of them remained in Japan as [[Zainichi Koreans]], maintaining their Korean heritage. However, due to assimilation, their numbers are much lower in recent times.

[[Kopino]]s are people of mixed [[Filipinos|Filipino]] and Korean descent. The 'Mixed Filipino Heritage Act of 2020' estimated there were around 30,000 Kopinos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed Filipino Heritage Act of 2020 |url=https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=18&q=SBN-1300 |access-date=30 September 2022 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930060702/https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=18&q=SBN-1300 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Lai Đại Hàn]] is a Vietnamese term referring to mixed children born to South Korean men and South Vietnamese women during the [[Vietnam War]]. These children were largely conceived as the result of wartime rape. No exact data is available on the number of Korean-Vietnamese because many of them choose to conceal their roots, but an estimate by a Korean scholar says the number of Lai Dai Han around the world is at least 5,000 to as many as 150,000.<ref name="kameyama">A. Kameyama, ''Betonamu Sensou, Saigon Souru, Toukyou [Vietnam War, Saigon, Seoul, Tokyo]'', [[Iwanami Shoten Publishing]], 1972, p. 122</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 April 2022 |title=Vietnam War Rape Survivors Demand Justice from South Korea - Bringing Justice to the Lai Dai Han|website= Bringing Justice to the Lai Dai Han |url=http://lai-daihan.com/south-korea-denies-the-lai-dai-han-legal-rights/ |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025223820/http://lai-daihan.com/south-korea-denies-the-lai-dai-han-legal-rights/ |archive-date=25 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyun-ju |first=Ock |date=27 November 2019 |title=[Feature] Lai Dai Han people still seeking apology, roots in Korea |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191127000657 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[The Korea Herald]] |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131015/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191127000657 |url-status=live }}</ref>