Editing Letter case (section)

===Exceptional letters and digraphs===
* The German letter "[[ß]]" formerly existed only in lower case. The orthographical capitalisation does not concern "ß", which generally does not occur at the beginning of a word, and in the all-caps style it has traditionally been replaced by the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] "SS". Since June 2017, however, [[capital ẞ]] is accepted as an alternative in the all-caps style.<ref>Cf. {{citation|first=Kerstin |last=Güthert |url=http://www.rechtschreibrat.com/DOX/rfdr_PM_2017-06-29_Aktualisierung_Regelwerk.pdf|title=PRESSEMITTEILUNG 29.6.2017 Amtliches Regelwerk der deutschen Rechtschreibung aktualisiert |publisher=[[Council for German Orthography]] |access-date=2017-06-29 |year=2017 |page=1}}.</ref> 
* The Greek upper-case letter "[[Sigma|Σ]]" has two different lower-case forms: "ς" in word-final position and "σ" elsewhere. In a similar manner, the Latin upper-case letter "[[S]]" used to have two different lower-case forms: "s" in word-final position and "<big> ſ </big>" elsewhere. The latter form, called the [[long s]], fell out of general use before the middle of the 19th century, except for the countries that continued to use [[blackletter]] typefaces such as [[Fraktur]]. When blackletter type fell out of general use in the mid-20th century, even those countries dropped the long s.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* The treatment of the Greek [[iota subscript]] with upper-case letters is complicated.
* Unlike most languages that use Latin-script and link the dotless upper-case "[[I]]" with the dotted lower-case "i", [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Tatar language|Tatar]] (including [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]) as well as [[Azeri language#North Azerbaijani|some forms of Azeri]] have both a [[İ|dotted]] and [[dotless I]], each in both upper and lower case. Each of the two pairs ("<big>İ/i</big>" and "<big>I/ı</big>") represents a distinctive [[phoneme]].
* In some languages, specific digraphs may be regarded as single letters, and in [[Dutch language|Dutch]], the digraph "[[IJ (digraph)|IJ/ij]]" is even capitalised with both components written in uppercase (for example, "IJsland" rather than "Ijsland").<ref name="Taaladvies" /> In other languages, such as [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], various digraphs are regarded as single letters for collation purposes, but the second component of the digraph will still be written in lower case even if the first component is capitalised. Similarly, in [[South Slavic languages]] whose orthography is coordinated between the Cyrillic and Latin scripts, the Latin digraphs "[[Lj (letter)|ǈ/ǉ]]", "[[Nj (digraph)|ǋ/ǌ]]" and "[[Dž (digraph)|ǅ/ǆ]]" are each regarded as a single letter (like their Cyrillic equivalents "[[Lje|Љ/љ]]", "[[Nje|Њ/њ]]" and "[[Dzhe|Џ/џ]]", respectively), but only in all-caps style should both components be in upper case (e.g. ǈiǉan–ǇIǇAN, ǋoǌa–ǊOǊA, ǅiǆa–ǄIǄA).{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} [[Unicode]] designates a [[Digraph (orthography)#In Unicode|single character]] for each case variant (i.e., upper case, title case and lower case) of the three digraphs.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf | title = Latin Extended-B | at = U+01C4, U+01C5, U+01C6, U+01C7, U+01C8, U+01C9, U+01CA, U+01CB, U+01CC | publisher = Unicode | access-date = 5 February 2017 }}</ref>
* Some English surnames such as fforbes are traditionally spelt with a digraph instead of a capital letter (at least for ff).
* In the [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] orthography, the [[ʻOkina|{{okina}}okina]] is a [[phonemic]] symbol that visually resembles a left single [[quotation mark]]. Representing the [[glottal stop]], the {{okina}}okina can be characterised as either a letter<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.blondvoyage.com/single-post/2015/08/12/Why-I-Spell-it-Hawai%E2%80%98i-and-not-Hawaii-and-Why-You-Should-Too | title = Why I Spell it Hawai'i and not Hawaii, and Why You Should, Too | website = Blond Voyage | access-date = 6 August 2017 }}</ref> or a [[diacritic]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hawaii.edu/site/info/diacritics.php | title = Hawaiian Language Online | website = The University of Hawai‘i | access-date = 6 August 2017 }}</ref> As a unicase letter, the {{okina}}okina is unaffected by capitalisation; it is the following letter that is capitalised instead.