Editing Lexus GS (section)

===2005&ndash;2007===
In 1999, development commenced on a successor to the S160 under chief engineer, Shigetoshi Miyoshi. Styling for both the exterior and interior was done under lead designer Yasuhide Hosoda between 2000 and 2002, during which [[Lexus#L-finesse|L-finesse]] came to fruition in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetorquereport.com/2011/04/new_york_11_preview_lexus_rele.html |title=New York 11' Preview: Lexus Releases Teasers of the LF-Gh Hybrid Concept |publisher=thetorquereport.com}}</ref> By 2002, a design was finalized, to be introduced the following year. In October 2003, Lexus debuted the [[Lexus LF#LF-S|LF-S]] (Lexus Future Sedan), a concept car which previewed the design of the upcoming GS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile.com/2003-lexus-lf-s-concept.html |title=2003 Lexus LF-S Concept |publisher=Automobile.com |access-date=22 September 2009}}</ref> The design patent was filed by Toyota on 22 December 2003 in domestic Japanese patent offices, preceding an imminent public unveiling. The third generation GS first appeared as a pre-production vehicle at the [[North American International Auto Show#2004|2004 North American International Auto Show]] on 5 January, riding on a then new architecture [[Toyota N platform|N platform]], with the production version being shown at the [[North American International Auto Show#2005|same show]] in January 2005.

Production of the third generation began on 24 January 2005, without release of an equivalent Toyota Aristo, as Toyota had introduced the Lexus channel to Japan and sought to align all world markets using Lexus as their luxury brand worldwide. The third generation GS was the introductory Lexus model for the marque's new L-finesse design philosophy, indicating the future direction of the Lexus lineup; it featured a [[fastback]] profile, retained quad headlights, [[LED]] tailamps, and one-piece bumpers. This generation GS had a {{Cd|link=car|long=yes|0.27}}, and used a newly designed midsize platform later shared with the second generation IS.<ref>Automotive Engineering International, Volume 113, pp. 1, 28; New platform for Lexus GS, IS.</ref>

In September 2005, the GS 350 (GRS191) and GS 430 (UZS190) went on sale in Japan; the GS 350 using a 3.5-liter ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' engine with ''D4-S'' direct injection, while the GS 430 used the same 4.3-liter ''[[Toyota UZ engine|3UZ-FE]]'' V8 engine used in the previous model. Sales in the US began in March 2006, with the initial lineup including the GS 300 (GRS190), featuring a ULEV certified 3.0-liter ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FSE|3GR-FSE]]'' [[V6]] engine, and the GS 430 featuring the 4.3-liter V8. All GS models at launch featured a new six-speed automatic sequential shift gearbox. An all-wheel drive system was made available in the GS 300.

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 440
| image1 = 2006-2009 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191R) sedan 02.jpg
| caption1 = 2006&ndash;2009 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191; Australia)
| image2 = Lexus GS450h 02.JPG
| caption2 = Third generation GS interior (GWS191), with hybrid kilowatt meter instead of [[tachometer]] and [[G-Book]] navigation.
}}

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Unveiled at the [[New York International Auto Show#2005|2005 New York International Auto Show]], the [[hybrid car|hybrid]] GS 450h (GWS191) joined the GS line in 2006 for the 2007 model year. GS Hybrid production started in February 2006.<ref name="75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant" /> It was the first mass-production rear-wheel drive luxury hybrid car, featuring the naturally aspirated 3.5-liter ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6 engine mated to two electric motors and a planetary type [[continuously variable transmission]] (CVT). This powertrain made use of the [[Hybrid Synergy Drive|Lexus Hybrid Drive]] system of integrating electric and gasoline engine motors, giving the GS 450h a [[SULEV|Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle]] (SULEV) emissions rating,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2007/09/07/officially-official-2008-lexus-gs-460-and-450h |title=Officially Official: 2008 Lexus GS 460 and 450h |publisher=Auto Blog}}</ref> and total output of {{convert|253|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=il450h>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=109609/pageId=69125 |title=Full Test: 2007 Lexus GS 450h |publisher=Edmunds |access-date=31 March 2009 |last=Reed |first=Philip}}</ref> allowing the GS to accelerate {{convert|0|-|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 5.2 seconds, according to manufacturer data.<ref name=il450h/>

New to the GS line was an [[electric power steering]] (EPS) system, and both the V8 and hybrid models featured a [[variable gear ratio steering]] (VGRS) system and [[Electronically Controlled Brake]] (ECB) a type of [[brake-by-wire]] system. V8 and hybrid models also featured an adaptive suspension system that individually altered suspension [[shock absorber|damper]] firmness. [[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]] (VDIM) was standard on the GS 430, 460, and 450h models and coupled to VGRS, with which it could alter steering gear ratios.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050203.007/lexus-introduces-next-generation-vehicle-stability-control-system-in-new-2006-gs-430 |title=Lexus Introduces Next Generation Vehicle Stability Control System in New 2006 GS 430 |publisher=Worldcarfans |date=3 February 2005 |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref>

Standard safety features on the GS ranged from multiple airbags, including [[knee airbag]]s and front row [[side torso airbag]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lexus.com/models/GS/features/safety/srs_airbags.html |title=GS Safety & Security |publisher=Lexus |location=USA |access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927111319/http://www.lexus.com/models/GS/features/safety/srs_airbags.html |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> to adaptive headlights, [[anti-lock braking]], [[electronic brakeforce distribution]], [[brake assist]] and [[electronic stability control]]. The radar-based [[pre-collision system]] with an [[autonomous cruise control system]] was optional. The GS 450h was among the first vehicles to receive the [[infrared]] [[Driver Monitoring System]] for driver attentiveness. For the 2007 model year, the GS 350 replaced the GS 300 in the US and several other export markets.

The GS interior was available with leather bird's-eye maple or walnut trim. Major standard features ranged from a 10-way driver and front passenger power and heated seats with three-position Lexus Memory System, [[SmartAccess]] keyless system with push-button start, a driver-side hidden drop-down panel for infrequently used controls, standard {{convert|7|inch|abbr=on}} touchscreen display, and LED lighting in the cabin. Unique to the Lexus GS series was a three-pod instrument cluster with [[machined]] aluminum facings and an [[electrochromic]] feature. Optional features ranged from a power moonroof to a discrete 5.1 surround sound 14-speaker 330-watt [[Mark Levinson Audio Systems|Mark Levinson]] premium sound system,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050203.006/2006-lexus-gs-sedan-debuts-mark-levinson-surround-sound-system |title=2006 Lexus GS Sedan Debuts Mark Levinson Surround Sound System |publisher=Worldcarfans |date=3 February 2005 |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref> XM-satellite radio and DVD-based [[automotive navigation system|navigation]] with [[backup camera]] and [[Bluetooth]] technology. Competitors to the Lexus GS included the [[BMW 5 Series]],<ref name=GSsportdesign>{{cite web |url=http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/sedans/lexus_gs300_sportdesign/index.html |title=2001&ndash;2005 Lexus GS300 SportDesign |year=2001 |work=Automobile Magazine |last=Jordan |first=Michael |access-date=9 January 2009}}</ref> [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class]],<ref name=grandsedan>{{cite web |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE4D7173AF93BA3575BC0A965958260 |title=Lexus Weighs in With a 'Grand' Sedan |date=8 August 1993 |work=The New York Times |last=Schuon |first=Michael |access-date=9 January 2009}}</ref> [[Volvo S80]], [[Audi A6]], [[Jaguar XF]], [[Infiniti M]], and [[Acura RL]].

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