Editing Lie (section)

==Psychology==
It is asserted that the capacity to lie is a talent human beings possess universally.<ref>Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit.  [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/lying-hoax-false-fibs-science/ "Why We Lie: The Science Behind Our Deceptive Ways."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207083602/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/lying-hoax-false-fibs-science/ |date=7 December 2017 }} ''National Geographic''.</ref>

The evolutionary theory proposed by [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] states that only the fittest will survive and by lying, we aim to improve other's perception of our social image and status, capability, and desirability in general.<ref>{{Cite web|title = What is Darwin's Theory of Evolution?|url = http://www.livescience.com/474-controversy-evolution-works.html|website = LiveScience.com|access-date = 12 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002222719/http://www.livescience.com/474-controversy-evolution-works.html|archive-date = 2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref> Studies have shown that humans begin lying at a mere age of six months, through crying and laughing, to gain attention.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Why Do We Lie?|url = https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-dolphin-divide/201309/why-do-we-lie|website = Psychology Today|access-date = 12 October 2015}}</ref>

Scientific studies have shown differences in forms of lying across gender.  Although men and women lie at equal frequencies, men are more likely to lie in order to please themselves while women are more likely to lie to please others.<ref name="Smith">{{Cite news|url = http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/command/detail?vid=8&sid=4dd695cd-dc13-473a-97ad-ba17c6daa97a%40sessionmgr4004&hid=4114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=17092526&db=f5h|title = Natural-Born Liars|last = Smith|first = David Livingstone}}</ref> The presumption is that humans are individuals living in a world of competition and strict social norms, where they are able to use lies and deception to enhance chances of survival and reproduction.

Stereotypically speaking, [[David Livingstone Smith]] asserts that men like to exaggerate about their sexual expertise, but shy away from topics that degrade them while women understate their sexual expertise to make themselves more respectable and loyal in the eyes of men and avoid being labelled as a ‘scarlet woman’.<ref name="Smith"/>

Those with [[Parkinson's disease]] show difficulties in deceiving others, difficulties that link to [[prefrontal cortex|prefrontal]] hypometabolism. This suggests a link between the capacity for dishonesty and integrity of prefrontal functioning.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Abe | first1 = N.
| last2 = Fujii | first2 = T.
| last3 = Hirayama | first3 = K.
| last4 = Takeda | first4 = A.
| last5 = Hosokai | first5 = Y.
| last6 = Ishioka | first6 = T.
| last7 = Nishio | first7 = Y.
| last8 = Suzuki | first8 = K.
| last9 = Itoyama | first9 = Y.
| last10 = Takahashi
| doi = 10.1093/brain/awp052 | first10 = S.
| last11 = Fukuda | first11 = H.
| last12 = Mori | first12 = E.
| title = Do parkinsonian patients have trouble telling lies? The neurobiological basis of deceptive behaviour
| journal = Brain
| volume = 132
| issue = 5
| pages = 1386–1395
| year = 2009
| pmid = 19339257
| pmc = 2677797
}}</ref>

[[Pathological lying|Pseudologia fantastica]] is a term applied by [[psychiatrist]]s to the behavior of habitual or compulsive lying. [[Pathological lying|Mythomania]] is the condition where there is an excessive or abnormal propensity for lying and exaggerating.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mythomania |title=Merriam–Webster.com |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=31 August 2012 |access-date=10 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219202321/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mythomania |archive-date=19 February 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A recent study found that composing a lie takes longer than telling the truth.<ref name="Time">Roy Britt, "Lies Take Longer Than Truths," LiveScience.com, 26 January 2009, found at [http://www.livescience.com/7654-lies-longer-truths.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703015446/http://www.livescience.com/7654-lies-longer-truths.html|date=3 July 2012}}. Accessed 27 November 2011.</ref> Or, as [[Chief Joseph]] succinctly put it, "It does not require many words to speak the truth."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people.tribe.net/dancepanther/blog/93a51179-7ff3-4089-9818-8a2a47f81b45 |title=People.tribe.net |publisher=People.tribe.net |date=19 August 2007 |access-date=10 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530060832/http://people.tribe.net/dancepanther/blog/93a51179-7ff3-4089-9818-8a2a47f81b45 |archive-date=30 May 2013 }}</ref>

Some people who are not convincing liars truly believe they are.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Grieve
| first1 = Rachel
| last2 = Hayes
| first2 = Jordana
| date = 1 January 2013
| title = Does perceived ability to deceive = ability to deceive? Predictive validity of the perceived ability to deceive (PATD) scale
| journal = Personality and Individual Differences
| volume = 54
| issue = 2
| pages = 311–314
| doi = 10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.001
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>