Editing Lumberjack (section)

== Evolution ==

===Tie hacking===
A specialty form of logging involving the felling of trees for the production of [[railroad tie]]s was known as tie hacking. These lumberjacks, called tie hacks, used saws to fell trees and cut to length, and a [[broad-axe]] to flatten two or all four sides of the log to create railroad ties. Later, portable saw mills were used to cut and shape ties. Tie hacking was an important form of logging in Wyoming and northern Colorado and the remains of tie hacking camps can be found on National Forest land. The remains of flumes can be seen near [[Dubois, Wyoming]],<ref>{{cite book | title=Knights of the Broadax; the Story of the Wyoming Tie Hack | author=Pinkerton, Joan | year=1981 | publisher=Caxton Printers | isbn=0-87004-283-1}}</ref> and [[Old Roach, Colorado|Old Roach]], Colorado. In addition, a decaying splash dam exists near the Old Roach site as well. There, tie hacks attempted to float logs down to the Laramie River for the annual spring tie drives, and the splash dam was used to collect winter snow-melt to increase the water flow for the tie drive.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1502768496 |title=History of Jelm, Wyoming |volume=1 |first=Keith |last=Jones |page=17 |access-date=2019-08-16 |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410032003/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=isbn:1502768496 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Modern technology===
{{Main|Logging}}
Modern technology changed the job of the modern logger considerably. Although the basic task of harvesting trees is still the same, the machinery and tasks are no longer the same. Many of the old job specialties on logging crews are now obsolete.

Chainsaws, [[harvester (forestry)|harvesters]], and feller bunchers are now used to cut or fell trees. The tree is turned into logs by removing the limbs (delimbing) and cutting it into logs of optimal length (bucking). The felled tree or logs are moved from the stump to the landing. Ground vehicles such as a [[skidder]] or [[forwarder]] can pull, carry, or shovel the logs. Cable systems "cars" can pull logs to the landing. Logs can also be flown to the landing by helicopter. Logs are commonly transported to the sawmill using trucks. Harvesting methods may include [[clear cutting]] or [[selective cutting]]. Concerns over the environmental impact have led to controversy about modern logging practices. In certain areas of forest loggers re-plant their crop for future generations.

A ''Wall Street Journal'' survey on the best jobs in the United States ended by listing being a logger as the "worst" ''[[Dirty, Dangerous and Demeaning|3D's]]'' job,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.careerjournal.com/jobhunting/change/20020507-lee.html |title=Career & Job News, Work, Employment & Salary Trends - Wall Street Journal - WSJ.com |publisher=Careerjournal.com |access-date=2010-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120071623/http://www.careerjournal.com/jobhunting/change/20020507-lee.html |archive-date=2008-01-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> citing "work instability, poor income, and pure [[Occupational safety and health|danger]]". According to a Wall St. review studying the 71 most dangerous jobs, the most dangerous job was identified as that of logging workers in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Clanton|first1=Nancy|last2=Journal-Constitution|first2=The Atlanta|title=These are the most dangerous jobs in America|url=https://www.ajc.com/business/employment/these-are-the-most-dangerous-jobs-america/x2MOTeEYCgkt2zYCLfqfJJ/|access-date=2020-11-19|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117001956/https://www.ajc.com/business/employment/these-are-the-most-dangerous-jobs-america/x2MOTeEYCgkt2zYCLfqfJJ/|url-status=live}}</ref>