Editing Lycian language (section)

== Phonology ==
=== Vowels ===
{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Oral vowels
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[High vowel|High]]
|{{IPA link|i}} {{grapheme|𐊆; i}}
|{{IPA link|u}} {{grapheme|𐊒; u}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}} {{grapheme|𐊁; e}}
|
|-
![[Low vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ä|a}} {{grapheme|𐊀; a}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Nasal vowels
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
|-
![[High vowel|High]]
|({{IPA link|ĩ}} {{grapheme|𐊆𐊑; ĩ}})
|({{IPA link|ũ}} {{grapheme|𐊒𐊑; ũ}})
|-
![[Close vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|ẽ}} {{grapheme|𐊚; ẽ}}
|
|-
![[Low vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ã}} {{grapheme|𐊙; ã}}
|}
|}

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" |[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Labialized velar consonant|Labio-<br>velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>[[Labialization|lab.]]</small>
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>[[Palatalization (phonetics)|pal.]]</small>
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}} {{grapheme|𐊎; m}}
|
|{{IPA link|n}} {{grapheme|𐊏; n}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Plosive]]
|{{IPA link|p}} {{grapheme|𐊓; p}}
|
|{{IPA link|t}} {{grapheme|𐊗; t}}
|{{IPA link|tʷ}}? {{grapheme|𐊘; τ}}
|{{IPA link|c}} {{grapheme|𐊔; c}}
|{{IPA link|k}} {{grapheme|𐊌; q}}
|{{IPA link|kʲ}} {{grapheme|𐊋; k}}
|{{IPA link|kʷ}} {{grapheme|𐊃; β}}
|{{IPA link|q}} {{grapheme|𐊜; χ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Affricate]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|t͡s}} {{grapheme|𐊈; z}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
|
|{{IPA link|θ}} {{grapheme|𐊉; θ}}
|{{IPA link|s}} {{grapheme|𐊖; s}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|h}} {{grapheme|𐊛; h}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPA link|β}} {{grapheme|𐊂; b}}
|{{IPA link|ð}} {{grapheme|𐊅; d}}
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɣ}} {{grapheme|𐊄; g}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|r}} {{grapheme|𐊕; r}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|l}} {{grapheme|𐊍; l}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|j}} {{grapheme|𐊊; y}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|w}} {{grapheme|𐊇; w}}
|
|
|}

*Melchert reconstructs /{{IPA link|k}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊌}}, /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊃}}, /{{IPA link|q}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊜}} and /{{IPA link|θ}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊉}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Melchert |first=Craig H. |title=Lycian |publisher=Cambridge: Cambridge University Press |year=2008 |location=In Woodard, Roger D. (ed.), The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor |pages=46–55}}</ref> Kloekhorst instead proposes /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊌}}, /{{IPA link|ç}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊃}}, /{{IPA link|k}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊜}} and /{{IPA link|t}}{{IPA link|h}}/ for {{grapheme|𐊉}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kloekhorst |first1=Alwin |title=Studies in Lycian and Carian Phonology and Morphology |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/KADMOS.2008.011/html |journal=Kadmos | date=February 2009 |access-date=2025-01-21}}</ref>
*{{grapheme|𐊘}} alternates with {{grapheme|𐊗}} and represents a transitional sound between /{{IPA link|t}}/ and /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/. Based on this, Melchert suggested a phonetic value [{{IPA link|tʷ}}] for {{grapheme|𐊘}} but later retracted this view.<ref name=":0" />
*Lycian stops (represented by {{grapheme|𐊓}}, {{grapheme|𐊗}}, {{grapheme|𐊘}}, {{grapheme|𐊔}}, {{grapheme|𐊌}}, {{grapheme|𐊋}}, {{grapheme|𐊜}} and possibly {{grapheme|𐊃}}) are voiced when after nasal consonants and voiceless otherwise.
*Nasal and liquid sounds can also occur as syllabic {{IPA|/m̩, n̩, l̩, r̩/}}, and with {{IPA|/m̩, n̩/}} being written as ''m̃'' {{grapheme|𐊐}} and ''ñ'' {{grapheme|𐊑}} respectively.<ref name=":0" />