Editing Lying in state (section)

==United States==
{{see also|State funerals in the United States}}
[[File:Jimmy Carter lay-in state at U.S. Capitol.jpg|thumb|President [[Jimmy Carter]] lying in state in the [[United States Capitol rotunda|Capitol rotunda]] before his [[Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter|state funeral]], 7 January 2025]]
Lying in state in the United States is the rare honour either authorized by a congressional resolution or approved by the congressional leadership, when permission is granted by survivors, to a deceased member of government (or former member) whereby his or her remains are placed in the [[United States Capitol rotunda|rotunda]] of the [[United States Capitol]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] for public viewing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aoc.gov/nations-stage/lying-state-honor |title=Lying in State or in Honor |website=[[Architect of the Capitol]] (AOC) |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> The casket is guarded by members of the six branches of the [[United States armed forces]]. By regulation and custom, only presidents, military commanders, justices of the Supreme Court, and [[Member of Congress|members of Congress]] are granted the honour of lying in state.

It differs from lying in honour in that individuals lying in state have guards of honour representing each branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, while individuals lying in honour have the [[United States Capitol Police|U.S. Capitol Police]] as civilian guards of honour. Six Americans have lain in honour, beginning in 1998.<ref name=WYFF>{{cite news |url=https://www.wyff4.com/article/lying-in-state-versus-lying-in-honor/18659120|title=Lying in State Versus Lying in Honor |first=Carla |last=Field |work=[[WYFF]] News |location=Greenville, SC |access-date=27 July 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703091143/http://www.wyff4.com/article/lying-in-state-versus-lying-in-honor/18659120|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, [[Rosa Parks]] became the first woman to lie in honour in the United States Capitol.<ref>{{cite web| access-date=28 December 2021| title=Those Who Have Lain in State or in Honor in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda| url=https://www.aoc.gov/what-we-do/programs-ceremonies/lying-in-state-honor#:~:text=No%20resolution.,in%20the%20U.S.%20Capitol%20Rotunda.&text=Parks%20is%20best%20known%20as%20a%20civil%20rights%20pioneer.&text=in%20Detroit%2C%20Michigan.-,Authority%20for%20use%20of%20the%20Rotunda%20granted%20by%20Senate%20Concurrent,agreed%20to%20October%2029%2C%202005| website=Architect of the Capitol| language=en-US}}</ref>

Except for presidents and former presidents, the honour is not automatic. Not all those entitled to the honour have it accepted by their survivors. The first leader to receive this honour was [[Henry Clay]], former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House of Representatives]], when he died in 1852. Since then, the honour has been extended to 36 people, including 12 presidents and four unknown soldiers, representing U.S. service members who have died without their remains being identified. [[Harry Truman]], [[Richard Nixon]] and their families declined services at the Capitol.<ref>{{cite news| title=From George Washington to George H.W. Bush: The history of presidential funerals| date=3 December 2018| first=William| last=Cummings| url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/12/03/past-presidential-funerals/2189323002/| newspaper=[[USA Today]]| access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref>  To date, most of those who have lain in state have done so upon the [[Lincoln Catafalque|catafalque constructed for the funeral of Abraham Lincoln]]. Those who have lain in honour have been borne on other [[bier]]s.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Lincoln Catafalque| url=https://www.aoc.gov/what-we-do/programs-ceremonies/lying-in-state-honor/lincoln-catafalque| website=Architect of the Capitol| access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref>

===States and cities===
Some U.S. states and cities extend similar honours.

====Arizona====
Upon his death in August 2018, U.S. Senator [[John McCain]] lay in state at the [[Arizona State Capitol|State Capitol]] of his home state of [[Arizona]] before receiving the same honour in the U.S. Capitol two days later.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/25/us/politics/john-mccain-funeral.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage |last=Cochrane |first=Emily |title=John McCain to Lie in State at Capitols in Washington and Arizona| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=25 August 2018| access-date=30 July 2020| language=en |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

====California====
After a memorial service outside the Polk Street entrance of San Francisco City Hall on 29 November 1978, Mayor [[George Moscone]] and city Supervisor [[Harvey Milk]] lay in state in the Rotunda until 30 November, after [[Moscone–Milk assassinations|their assassination]] by former Supervisor [[Dan White]]. The chamber was also filled with more than 400 floral tributes to the two men.<ref>{{cite news| title=S.F. mourns Milk, Moscone in the wake of Jonestown| url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-mourns-Milk-Moscone-in-the-wake-of-Jonestown-2547523.php| first=Laura| last=Perkins| date=28 November 2003| newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle| access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref><ref name=KRON>{{cite news| title=Milk & Moscone's Memorial Service| url=https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/209378| work=[[KRON-TV|KRON News]]| date=29 November 1978}}</ref>

In [[San Francisco]], Mayor [[Ed Lee (politician)|Ed Lee]] lay in state in the Rotunda of [[San Francisco City Hall]] after his death in office on 12 December 2017.<ref name=Haigney>{{cite news| title=Thousands of mourners pay respect to Mayor Ed Lee at SF City Hall| url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Mayor-Ed-Lee-escorted-to-SF-City-Hall-for-the-12433255.php| first1=Sophie| last1=Haigney| author2=J.K. Dineen| author3=John Wildermuth| name-list-style=amp| date=15 December 2017| newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]| access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref>  Senator [[Dianne Feinstein]], who served as San Francisco mayor from 1978 to 1988, also lay in state in the rotunda on 4 October 2023, prior to a funeral service the following day.<ref>{{cite news| title=Feinstein to lie in state at San Francisco City Hall ahead of Thursday funeral| url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/01/politics/feinstein-funeral-arrangements/index.html| first=Morgan| last=Rimmer| work=[[CNN]]| date=October 2, 2023| access-date=October 5, 2023}}</ref>

====Georgia====
After his death in July 2020, U.S. Representative [[John Lewis (civil rights leader)|John Lewis]] received similar honours from his home state of Georgia and also was the first African American member of Congress to lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda. Because of his role in the [[Selma to Montgomery marches]] during the [[civil rights movement]], Lewis also lay in state for one day in the [[Alabama State Capitol|Alabama Capitol]] in Montgomery.<ref>{{cite news| title=Late Rep. John Lewis to begin lie in state in US Capitol| newspaper=[[New York Post]]| url=https://nypost.com/2020/07/27/john-lewis-to-begin-lie-in-state-in-us-capitol-on-monday/| first=Emily| last=Jacobs| date=27 July 2020| access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref>

====Hawaii==== 
Eight people have lain in state at the [[Hawaii State Capitol]], among which include former Governor [[John A. Burns]] in 1975, U.S. Senator [[Spark Matsunaga]] in 1990, famous Hawaiian singer [[Israel Kamakawiwoʻole]] upon his death in 1997, U.S. Representative [[Patsy Mink]] in 2002, former U.S. Senator [[Hiram Fong]] in 2004, [[Daniel Inouye]], president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, in 2012, and former U.S. Senator [[Daniel Akaka]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite news| title=Lying in state a rare and treasured honor in Hawaii| url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/38226655/lying-in-state-a-rare-and-treasured-honor-in-hawaii/#:~:text=S.%20Sen.%20Daniel%20Inouye%20was%20memorialized%20with%20lying,Honor%20recipient%20and%2050-year%20veteran%20of%20the%20| date=18 May 2018| work=[[KHNL]] News}}</ref> 

===Illinois===
On July 16, 1965, [[Adlai Stevenson II]] who served as [[List of governors of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] from 1949 to 1953 and [[List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations|Ambassador to the United Nations]] from January 1961 to July 1965, lay in state in the rotunda of the [[Illinois State Capitol|Illinois Capitol]] prior to his burial in Bloomington. Stevenson was also the Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1952 and 1956.<ref>{{cite news| title=Remembering Adlai Stevenson II| url=https://www.sj-r.com/picture-gallery/news/local/2013/09/16/remembering-adlai-stevenson-ii/443018007/| date=16 September 2013| newspaper=[[The State Journal-Register]]| location=Springfield| access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref>

====Kentucky====
Through 2022, [[Kentucky State Capitol#People who have lain in state in the Rotunda|23 people]] have lain in state at the [[Kentucky State Capitol|Kentucky Capitol]] building rotunda in Frankfort. This includes not only politicians, but also civilians. Kentucky-based [[Kentucky Fried Chicken]] (KFC) founder [[Colonel Harland Sanders]] would also be among those who received the honor of lying in state in the Kentucky Capitol Rotunda following his death in 1980.<ref>{{cite news| first=J. Y.| last=Smith| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/12/17/col-sanders-the-fried-chicken-gentleman-dies/64925eb3-3a20-4851-afbc-ba4fe16e9770/| title=Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| date=17 December 1980| accessdate=30 November 2022}}</ref> After his death in November 2022, former Kentucky governor and renowned restaurant business mogul [[John Y. Brown Jr.]] would also be among those who had the honor of lying in state at the Kentucky Capitol as well.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2022/11/29/former-kentucky-gov-john-y-brown-jr-lies-state-capitol/69683171007/| title=Former Gov. John Y. Brown lies in state at Kentucky Capitol| first=Morgan| last=Watkins| newspaper=[[Louisville Courier Journal]]| date=29 November 2022| access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref> Former Kentucky Governor [[Brereton C. Jones]] would lie in state at the Kentucky Capitol following his death in September 2023 as well.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://nkytribune.com/2023/09/kentuckians-from-across-the-commonwealth-gather-to-pay-respects-for-former-gov-brereton-jones/| title=Kentuckians from across the Commonwealth gather to pay respects to former Gov. Brereton Jones| newspaper=Northern Kentucky Tribune| location=Edgewood| date=26 September 2023| first=Tom| last=Iatek| access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.wtvq.com/former-ky-gov-brereton-jones-laid-to-rest/| title=Former Ky. Gov. Brereton Jones laid to rest| first=Jane|last=Davenport| work=[[WTVQ-DT|WTVQ News]]| date=26 September 2023| access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>

====Michigan====
In Michigan, only four [[Governor of Michigan|governors]] have lain in state in the [[Michigan State Capitol|Capitol Building]].  The two most recent were [[George W. Romney]]  on 29 July 1995, who served as governor from 1963 to 1969.<ref>{{cite news| title=Funeral Arrangements| url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-obituary-for-george-r/171393957/| newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]]| date=29 July 1995| page=6A| access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref> On 26 October 2010, the casket of Michigan's first governor [[Stevens T. Mason]] (1835-1840) lay in the capitol rotunda for a day before being re-interred in a monument in [[Detroit]] after the monument was renovated and relocated in [[Capitol Park Historic District|Capitol Park]], the site of Michigan's first capitol building.<ref>{{cite news| title=Remembering Michigan's Boy Governor| url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-stevens-mason-lies/171443639/| date=27 October 2010| first=Laura| last=Misjak| newspaper=[[Lansing State Journal]]| quote=Mason is the fourth to lie in state at the Capitol.| access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>

During funeral rites of civil rights icon [[Rosa Parks]] in Detroit in November 2005, she lay in repose at the [[Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History]] before services and burial.<ref>{{cite news| title=4,000 throng Rosa Parks' funeral in Detroit| url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/4000-throng-rosa-parks-funeral-in-detroit/| first=Kathy Barks| last=Hoffman| date=2 November 2005| newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]| access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>  This followed similar arrangements in December 1997 for Mayor [[Coleman Young]], the first [[African-American]] to hold that office.<ref name=patricia>{{cite news| title=When Detroit says goodbye: Historic funerals in the Motor City| url=https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/music/aretha-franklin/2018/08/31/detroit-says-goodbye-historic-funerals-motor-city/1150865002/| first=Patricia| last=Montemurri| date=31 August 2018| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

Upon the deaths of singer-songwriter [[Aretha Franklin]] in August 2018 and former Congresswoman [[Barbara-Rose Collins]] in November 2021, both women were also honoured at the Wright Museum.<ref>{{cite news| title=Crowds of fans mourn Aretha Franklin at public viewing in Detroit| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fans-mourn-aretha-franklin-public-viewing-detroit/| work=[[CBS News]]| date=28 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Former U.S. Rep. Collins remembered as a 'diva with a servant's heart'| url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2021/11/13/former-u-s-rep-collins-remembered-as-a-diva-servants-heart/6365523001/| first=Jennifer| last=Chambers| newspaper=[[The Detroit News]]| date=13 November 2021| access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

====New Jersey====
Following her death on August 1, 2023, [[Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey]] [[Sheila Oliver]] lay in state in the [[Rotunda (architecture)|rotunda]] of the [[New Jersey State House]] and in the [[Essex County Courthouse]] prior to her public funeral at the [[Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart]] on August 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ignudo |first1=Tom |title=Funeral details announced for New Jersey Lt. Gov. Sheila Oliver |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/sheila-oliver-funeral-details-new-jersey |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=CBS News Philadelphia |date=3 August 2023}}</ref>

====Texas====
Rep. [[Sheila Jackson Lee]] lay in state at [[Houston City Hall]] on 24 July 2024 after her death on 19 July. Lee was only the second person so honoured after noted heart surgeon Dr. [[Michael DeBakey]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.fox26houston.com/news/congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-houston-city-hall| title=LIVE: Sheila Jackson Lee lies in state at Houston City Hall rotunda| work=[[KRIV-TV|Fox 26 Houston News]]| date=29 July 2024| access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> Former state rep, Houston mayor and U.S. Representative [[Sylvester Turner]] became the third person so honoured on 11 March 2025.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/houston/article/sylvester-turner-city-hall-20208939.php| title=Residents, elected officials honor former mayor, U.S. Rep. Sylvester Turner at Houston City Hall| first=Abby| last=Church| newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]]| date=11 March 2025| access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref> Following ceremonies in Houston, Turner would also "lie in honor" at the [[Texas State Capitol]] from 13-14 March 2025;<ref>{{cite news |title=Former Houston Mayor and Congressman Sylvester Turner lies in honor at Texas State Capitol |url=https://www.khou.com/article/news/special-reports/remembering-congressman-sylvester-turner/sylvester-turner-lie-in-honor-texas-capitol/285-692f5402-0a7d-4ab6-bd67-57ae145ca8c3 |first1=Jaime E. |last1=Galvan |first2=Michelle |last2=Homer |first3=Jason |last3=Miles |date=13 March 2025 |work=[[KHOU]] News |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/state-lawmaker-turned-congressman-sylvester-turner-to-lie-in-honor-at-texas-capitol| title=State lawmaker turned congressman Sylvester Turner to lie in honor at Texas Capitol| first=Fred| last=Cantu|website=[[KEYC|CBS Austin]]|date=13 March 2025| access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> however, some sources have claimed that Turner did lay in state while at the Texas State Capitol during this time.<ref>{{cite news |title=State lawmakers, friends honor former Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner's legacy at Texas Capitol |url=https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/texas/2025/03/14/515991/state-lawmakers-friends-honor-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turners-legacy-at-texas-capitol/ |first=Sarah |last=Grunau |date=14 March 2025 |work=Houston Public Radio |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://houstonlanding.org/former-mayor-sylvester-turner-to-lie-in-state-in-houston-austin-ahead-of-saturday-funeral/|title=Former mayor Sylvester Turner to lie in state in Houston, Austin ahead of Saturday funeral| first=Paul| last=Cobler| website=Houston Landing| date=10 March 2025| access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref>

====Washington====
Upon her death in 1948, [[Belle Reeves]], former state legislator and Washington's first female [[Secretary of State of Washington|secretary of state]], received the only state funeral ever held in the [[Washington State Capitol#Legislative Building|House Chamber]] of the [[Washington State Legislature]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/biographies/bellereeves.aspx |title=Belle Reeves |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Legacy Washington |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>