Editing Lynching (section)

====Mexico====
Lynchings have been present since the colonial period.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kloppe-Santamaría |first=Gema |date=May 25, 2021 |title=Lynchings are not new to Mexico: why does this matter? |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/blog/56218/lynchings-are-not-new-to-mexico-why-does-this-matter/ |access-date=March 30, 2024 |website=UC Press Blog |language=en}}</ref> Lynchings are a persistent form of extralegal violence in post-Revolutionary Mexico.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kloppe-Santamaría|first=Gema|title=In the vortex of violence: lynching, extralegal justice, and the state in post-revolutionary Mexico|publisher=University of California Press|year=2020|isbn=978-0-520-97532-3|oclc=1145910776}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppe-Santamaría |first=Gema |date=2022 |title=Martyrs, Fanatics, and Pious Militants: Religious Violence and the Secular State in 1930s Mexico |journal=The Americas |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=197–227 |doi=10.1017/tam.2021.149 |issn=1533-6247 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kloppe-Santamaría |first=Gema |title=Violence in Postrevolutionary Mexico |date=August 31, 2021 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History |url=https://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.001.0001/acrefore-9780199366439-e-859 |access-date=March 30, 2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.859 |isbn=978-0-19-936643-9|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A number of them have involved religious motivations.<ref>Butler, Matthew. "CATHOLIC MOBILIZATIONS IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY MEXICO: From Pious Lynchings and Fascist Salutes to a "Catholic 1968," Maoist Priests, and the Post-Cristero Apocalypse." ''The Americas'' (2022): 1-16.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kloppe-Santamaría |first=Gema |date=2021 |title=Deadly Rumors: Lynching, Hearsay, and Hierarchies of Credibility in Mexico |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/8/article/836818 |journal=Journal of Social History |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=85–104 |doi=10.1093/jsh/shab037 |issn=1527-1897|url-access=subscription }}</ref> During and following the period of the [[Cristero War]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Sullivan |first=Lucy |date=January 1, 2024 |title=Martyrdom in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/lalvc/article/6/1/1/199779/Martyrdom-in-the-Age-of-Mechanical-ReproductionThe |journal=Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1525/lavc.2024.6.1.1 |issn=2576-0947 |doi-access=free|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

On September 14, 1968, five employees from the [[Autonomous University of Puebla]] were lynched in the village of San Miguel Canoa, in the state of [[Puebla]], after Enrique Meza Pérez, the local priest, incited the villagers to murder the employees, who he believed were communists.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kloppe-Santamaría |first=Gema |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1vjqrpr |title=Global Lynching and Collective Violence: Volume 2: The Americas and Europe |date=September 30, 2017 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09998-4 |editor-last=Pfeifer |editor-first=Michael J. |pages=85–114 |chapter=Lynching, Religion, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Puebla |doi=10.5406/j.ctt1vjqrpr.8|jstor=10.5406/j.ctt1vjqrpr }}</ref> The five victims intended to enjoy their holiday climbing [[Malinche (volcano)|La Malinche]], a nearby mountain, but they had to stay in the village due to adverse weather conditions. Two of the employees, and the owner of the house where they were staying for the night, were killed; the three survivors sustained serious injuries, including finger amputations.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/trace/1468|title=Representaciones y conductas. Un repertorio de las violencias entre los nahuas de la Sierra Norte de Puebla|last=Pierre|first=Beaucage|date=June 1, 2010|journal=Trace. Travaux et recherches dans les Amériques du Centre|number=57|pages=9–32|access-date=October 1, 2018|language=es|issn=0185-6286}}</ref> The alleged main instigators were not prosecuted. The few arrested were released after no evidence was found against them.<ref>{{cite web|first=Daniel|last=Hernández|title=A 45 años del linchamiento en Canoa, nunca se hizo justicia|website=[[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS6qAqaVzNU| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007104008/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS6qAqaVzNU| archive-date=October 7, 2013|language=es}}</ref>

On November 23, 2004, in the [[2004 Tláhuac lynching|Tláhuac lynching]],<ref>Niels A. Uildriks (2009), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PICx6XnX1DMC&pg=PA201 Policing Insecurity: Police Reform, Security, and Human Rights in Latin America]''. Rowman & Littlefield, p. 201.</ref> three Mexican undercover federal agents investigating a narcotics-related crime were lynched in the town of [[Tláhuac|San Juan Ixtayopan]] (Mexico City) by an angry crowd who saw them taking photographs and suspected that they were trying to abduct children from a primary school. The agents immediately identified themselves, but they were held and beaten for several hours before two of them were killed and set on fire. The incident was covered by the media almost from the beginning, including their pleas for help and their murder.

By the time police rescue units arrived, two of the agents were reduced to charred corpses and the third was seriously injured. Authorities suspect that the lynching was provoked by the persons who were being investigated. Both local and federal authorities had abandoned the agents, saying that the town was too far away for them to try to intervene. Some officials said they would provoke a massacre if the authorities tried to rescue the men from the mob.