Editing MPEG-7 (section)

==Limitations==

The MPEG-7 standard was originally written in [[XML Schema (W3C)|XML Schema]] (XSD), which constitutes [[semi-structured data]]. For example, the running time of a movie annotated using MPEG-7 in [[XML]] is [[machine-readable data]], so software agents will know that the number expressing the running time is a positive integer, but such data is not machine-interpretable (cannot be understood by agents), because it does not convey [[semantics]] (meaning), known as the "[[Semantic gap|Semantic Gap]]." To address this issue, there were many attempts to map the MPEG-7 [[XML Schema (W3C)|XML Schema]] to the [[Web Ontology Language]] (OWL), which is a [[structured data]] equivalent of the terms of the MPEG-7 standard (MPEG-7Ontos, COMM, SWIntO, etc.). However, these mappings did not really bridge the "[[Semantic gap|Semantic Gap]]," because [[Feature extraction#Low-level|low-level video features]] alone are inadequate for representing video semantics.<ref name="SikosPowers2015">{{cite book|last1=Sikos|first1=Leslie F.|last2=Powers|first2=David M.W.|title=Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Exploiting Semantic Annotations in Information Retrieval |chapter=Knowledge-Driven Video Information Retrieval with LOD|year=2015|pages=35–37|doi=10.1145/2810133.2810141|isbn=9781450337908 |s2cid=16544890 |url=https://unisa.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/61USOUTHAUS_INST/12165439490001831 }}</ref> In other words, annotating an automatically extracted video feature, such as color distribution, does not provide the meaning of the actual visual content.<ref name="BollKlasSheth1998">{{cite book |last1=Boll |first1=Susanne |last2=Klas |first2=Wolfgang |last3=Sheth |first3=Amit |chapter=Overview on Using Metadata to Manage Multimedia Data |date=1998 |title=Using Metadata to Integrate and Apply Digital Media |publisher=McGraw-Hill |page=[https://archive.org/details/multimediadatama0000unse/page/3 3] |isbn=978-0070577350 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/multimediadatama0000unse/page/3 }}</ref>