Editing Malignancy (section)

===Surgery===
Surgery can help manage or treat malignancy by either removing the tumour, localising it and/or determining whether there has been a spread to other organs.<ref name = "ASCO_Surgery">{{cite web | work = American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). | title = What is cancer surgery? | date = 31 March 2011 | url = https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/surgery/what-cancer-surgery }}</ref><ref name = "ASCO_Surgery_How">{{cite web | work = American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). | title = How Surgery Is Used for Cancer? | url = https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/surgery/how-surgery-is-used-for-cancer.html }}</ref> When undertaking surgery for malignancy, there are six major objectives which are considered.<ref name = "Donohue_2008" /> These include "prevention of cancer, diagnosis and staging of disease, disease cure, tumour debulking, symptom palliation and patient rehabilitation".<ref name = "Donohue_2008" />

Surgical prevention of cancer largely consists of removing the organ at risk of developing malignancy.<ref name = "Donohue_2008" /> This would occur if an individual is predisposed to the formation of malignant cells as a result of inherited [[genetic mutations]] and, acquired diseases.<ref name = "Donohue_2008" />

Surgical diagnosis of malignancy involves completing a [[biopsy]].<ref name = "Donohue_2008" /> This process requires a sufficient amount of tissue to make a confident diagnosis and, the handling of specimen to expand information provided from testing.<ref name = "Donohue_2008" /> Biopsies are categorised into four different processes: "fine-needle aspirate (FNA), core needle, incisional and, excisional".<ref name = "Donohue_2008" />

Curative surgery (also known as primary surgery) can be conducted when the malignant tumour has only invaded one area of the body.<ref name = "ASCO_Surgery" /><ref name = "ASCO_Surgery_How" /> The objective is to remove the entirety of the malignant cells without violating the tumour; if the tumour is violated, the risk of both tumour spillage and wound implantation would increase.<ref name = "ASCO_Surgery" /><ref name = "ASCO_Surgery_How" />

The surgical procedure of tumour debulking can be undertaken to increase the effectiveness of postoperative forms of treatment.<ref name = "Donohue_2008" /> Symptom palliation and patient rehabilitation do not play a role in controlling or reducing malignancy growth rather, they increase the patient's quality of life.<ref name = "Donohue_2008" />