Editing Maned wolf (section)

===Reproduction and life cycle===
[[File:Maned Wolf Pup at White Oak.jpg|thumb|upright|A maned wolf and pup at [[White Oak Conservation]]]]
Their mating season ranges from November to April. [[Gestation]] lasts 60 to 65 days, and a litter may have from two to six black-furred pups, each weighing roughly {{convert|450|g|oz|abbr=on}}. Pups are fully grown when one year old. During that first year, the pups rely on their parents for food.<ref name=internatura/>

Data on the maned wolf's estrus and reproductive cycle mainly come from captive animals, particularly about breeding endocrinology.<ref name=songsasen>{{cite book | editor1-last=Consorte-McCrea | editor1-first=A. G. |editor2-last=Santos|editor2-first=E. F.|title=Ecology and conservation of the maned wolf : multidisciplinary perspectives | publisher=CRC Press | location=Boca Raton | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-4665-1259-7 | oclc=861926329}}</ref> Hormonal changes of maned wolves in the wild follow the same variation pattern of those in captivity.<ref name=songsasen/> Females [[ovulation|ovulate]] spontaneously, but some authors suggest that the presence of a male is important for estrus induction.<ref name=songsasen/>

Captive animals in the Northern Hemisphere breed between October and February and in the Southern Hemisphere between August and October. This indicates that [[photoperiod]] plays an important role in maned wolf reproduction, mainly due to the production of [[semen]].<ref name=dietz/><ref name=songsasen/> Generally, one [[estrus]] occurs per year.<ref name=dietz/> The amount of sperm produced by the maned wolf is lower compared to those of other canids.<ref name=songsasen/>

[[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] occurs during the four-day estrus period, and lasts up to 15 minutes.<ref name=dietz/> Courtship is similar to that of other [[canid]]s, characterized by frequent approaches and [[perineum|anogenital]] investigation.<ref name="canids" />

[[Gestation]] lasts 60 to 65 days and a litter may have from two to six pups. One litter of seven has been recorded.<ref name=dietz/> Birthing has been observed in May in the [[Canastra Mountains]], but data from captive animals suggest that births are concentrated between June and September.<ref name=paula/> The maned wolf reproduces with difficulty in the wild, with a high rate of infant mortality. Females can go up to two years without breeding.<ref name=songsasen/> Breeding in captivity is even more difficult, especially in temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere.<ref name=songsasen/>

Pups are born weighing between 340 and 430 grams. They begin their lives with black fur, becoming red after 10 weeks.<ref name=dietz/> The eyes open at about 9 days of age.<ref name=dietz/> They are nursed up to 4 months. Afterwards, they are fed by their parents by [[Regurgitation (digestion)|regurgitation]], starting on the third week of age and lasting up to 10 months.<ref name=rodrigues2002>{{cite thesis |last= Rodrigues|first= F|date= 2002|title= Biologia e conservação do lobo-guará na Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, DF.|type= Doctorate |publisher= University of Campinas|url= http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/guimaraes_2002_phd.pdf|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="canids" /> Three-month-old pups begin to accompany their mother while she [[foraging|forages]].<ref name=rodrigues2002/> Males and females both engage in parental care, but it is primarily done by the females.<ref name=rodrigues2002/> Data on male parental care have been collected from captive animals, and little is known whether this occurs frequently in the wild.<ref name="canids" /> Maned wolves reach sexual maturity at one year of age, when they leave their birth territory.<ref name="canids" />

The maned wolf's longevity in the wild is unknown, but estimates in captivity are between 12 and 15 years.<ref name=dietz/> A report was made of an individual at the [[São Paulo Zoo]] that lived to be 22 years old.<ref name=paula/>