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Manfred
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==Manfred in literature== The character Manfred was mentioned by [[Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas, ''père'']] in his novel ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo]]'', where the Count declares: "No, no, I wish to do away with that mysterious reputation that you have given me, my dear viscount; it is tiresome to be always acting Manfred. I wish my life to be free and open." Indeed, the Count of Monte Cristo is quite similar to Manfred, in that he wants to keep his past a secret, feels superior to social conventions, and is following an agenda that runs counter to the social mores.{{Original research inline|date=September 2019}}{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] mentions the poem in ''[[Notes from Underground]]'' when the narrator states, "I received countless millions and immediately gave them away for the benefit of humanity, at the same moment confessing before the crowd all my infamies, which, of course, were not mere infamies, but also contained within them a wealth of 'the lofty and the beautiful' of something Manfred-like" (Bantam Books, 2005, page 57). [[Herman Melville]] references the poem twice in ''[[Mardi]]'' (1849): in Chapter 4 describing being up in the foremast-head: "Now this standing upon a bit of stick 100 feet aloft for hours at a time, swiftly sailing over the sea, is very much like crossing the Channel in a balloon. Manfred-like, you talk to the clouds: you have a fellow feeling for the sun."; and in Chapter 11 wondering at a character's gravity: "It was inconceivable, that his reveries were Manfred-like and exalted, reminiscent of unutterable deeds, too mysterious even to be indicated by the remotest of hints." The whale-boat used to escape in the beginning is named "Chamois," referring explicitly to the goat-antelope creature, and likely also alluding to the hunter in Manfred. In Act II of ''[[Ivanov (play)|Ivanov]]'' by [[Anton Chekhov]], Ivanov compares himself to Manfred, saying: "I could die of shame at the thought that I, a healthy, strong man, have turned into some sort of Hamlet, or Manfred, or superfluous man—God only knows what!" (Chekhov, Anton. The Major Plays. 1964. Translated by Ann Dunnigan, Signet Classics, 2006, page 40). On page 61 of ''[[The Crying of Lot 49]]'' by [[Thomas Pynchon]], Di Presso seems to refer (perhaps by accident) to Metzger as Manfred. Manfred's oft-quoted speech from Act II Scene 1 which begins "Think'st thou existence doth depend on time?" is quoted on page 351 of ''[[The Masters of Solitude]]'' by [[Marvin Kaye]] and [[Parke Godwin]]. "In Memory of My Feelings", the poem by [[Frank O'Hara]], includes the line "Manfred climbs to my nape,/ speaks, but I do not hear him,/ I'm too blue." In ''[[Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell]]'' by [[Susanna Clarke]], Byron is said to have written ''Manfred'' after meeting the magician Jonathan Strange and finding him most disagreeable. It is suggested that he wrote it because he was so disappointed with Strange that he created a magician more to his liking. The final scene of ''[[Daisy Miller]]'' by [[Henry James]] is set in the Colosseum of Rome. James mentions that, before entering the Colosseum, his protagonist Winterbourne loudly quotes Manfred's monologue on the Colosseum (Act III, Scene IV).
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