Editing Mathematical model (section)

===Training, tuning, and fitting===

Any model which is not pure white-box contains some [[parameter]]s that can be used to [[model fitting|fit the model]] to the system it is intended to describe. If the modeling is done by an [[artificial neural network]] or other [[machine learning]], the optimization of parameters is called ''training'', while the optimization of model hyperparameters is called ''tuning'' and often uses [[cross-validation (statistics)|cross-validation]].<ref>{{Cite web | title = Machine Learning Lecture | url = http://users.sussex.ac.uk/~christ/crs/ml/lec03a.html | last = Thornton | first = Chris | access-date = 2019-02-06}}</ref> In more conventional modeling through explicitly given mathematical functions, parameters are often determined by ''[[curve fitting]].''{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}}