Editing Memory-prediction framework (section)

=== Hippocampus ===
Another anatomically diverse brain structure which is hypothesized to play an important role in hierarchical cognition is the [[hippocampus]]. It is well known that damage to both hippocampi impairs the formation of long-term [[Explicit memory|declarative memory]]; individuals with such damage are unable to form new memories of episodic nature, although they can recall earlier memories without difficulties and can also learn new skills. In the current theory, the hippocampi are thought of as the top level of the cortical hierarchy; they are specialized to retain memories of events that propagate all the way to the top. As such events fit into predictable patterns, they become memorizable at lower levels in the hierarchy. (Such movement of memories down the hierarchy is, incidentally, a general prediction of the theory.) Thus, the hippocampi continually memorize 'unexpected' events (that is, those not predicted at lower levels); if they are damaged, the entire process of memorization through the hierarchy is compromised.
{{Further|place cell}}
{{Further|Papez circuit}}

In 2016 Hawkins hypothesized that [[cortical column]]s did not just capture a sensation, but also the relative location of that sensation, in three dimensions rather than two (''situated capture''), in relation to what was around it.<ref name="cadeMetz15October2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/technology/jeff-hawkins-brain-research.html |first=Cade |last=Metz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 15, 2018 |title=A new view of how we think |pages=B1, B4}} See: 'Clarity Over a Coffee Cup'</ref> "When the brain builds a model of the world, everything has a location relative to everything else" <ref name=cadeMetz15October2018 /> —Jeff Hawkins.

Some neuroscience research with animals supports the idea that the hippocampus integrates new information with existing memories to form predictive models. This process enables more efficient problem-solving and adaptation to new tasks.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Adam M. P. |last2=Jacob |first2=Alex D. |last3=Ramsaran |first3=Adam I. |last4=De Snoo |first4=Mitchell L. |last5=Josselyn |first5=Sheena A. |last6=Frankland |first6=Paul W. |date=2023-06-21 |title=Emergence of a predictive model in the hippocampus |journal=Neuron |volume=111 |issue=12 |pages=1952–1965.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.011 |pmid=37015224 |issn=0896-6273|pmc=10293047 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tse |first1=Dorothy |last2=Langston |first2=Rosamund F. |last3=Kakeyama |first3=Masaki |last4=Bethus |first4=Ingrid |last5=Spooner |first5=Patrick A. |last6=Wood |first6=Emma R. |last7=Witter |first7=Menno P. |last8=Morris |first8=Richard G. M. |date=2007-04-06 |title=Schemas and memory consolidation |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412951/ |journal=Science |volume=316 |issue=5821 |pages=76–82 |doi=10.1126/science.1135935 |issn=1095-9203 |pmid=17412951}}</ref>