Editing Metacognition (section)

=== Social metacognition and stereotypes ===
People have secondary cognitions about the appropriateness, justifiability, and social judgability of their own stereotypic beliefs.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Social Metacognition|last=Briñol|first=Pablo|editor1-first=Pablo|editor1-last=Briñol|editor2-first=Kenneth|editor2-last=Demarree|date=27 April 2012|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780203865989|pages=243–262|doi=10.4324/9780203865989}}</ref> People know that it is typically unacceptable to make stereotypical judgments and make conscious efforts not to do so. Subtle social cues can influence these conscious efforts. For example, when given a false sense of confidence about their ability to judge others, people will return to relying on social stereotypes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yzerbyt|first1=Vincent Y.|last2=Schadron|first2=Georges|last3=Leyens|first3=Jacques-Philippe|last4=Rocher|first4=Stephan|date=1994|title=Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes.|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=66|issue=1|pages=48–55|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.48|issn=0022-3514}}</ref> Cultural backgrounds influence social metacognitive assumptions, including stereotypes. For example, cultures without the stereotype that memory declines with old age display no age differences in memory performance.<ref name=":1" />

When it comes to making judgments about other people, implicit theories about the stability versus malleability of human characteristics predict differences in social stereotyping as well. Holding an entity theory of traits increases the tendency for people to see similarity among group members and utilize stereotyped judgments. For example, compared to those holding incremental beliefs, people who hold entity beliefs of traits use more stereotypical trait judgments of ethnic and occupational groups as well as form more extreme trait judgments of new groups.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Plaks|first1=Jason E.|last2=Stroessner|first2=Steven J.|last3=Dweck|first3=Carol S.|last4=Sherman|first4=Jeffrey W.|date=2001|title=Person theories and attention allocation: Preferences for stereotypic versus counterstereotypic information.|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=80|issue=6|pages=876–893|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.876|pmid=11414372|issn=1939-1315|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sb722b1|type=Submitted manuscript}}</ref> When an individual's assumptions about a group combine with their implicit theories, more stereotypical judgments may be formed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yzerbyt|first1=Vincent|last2=Corneille|first2=Olivier|last3=Estrada|first3=Claudia|date=May 2001|title=The Interplay of Subjective Essentialism and Entitativity in the Formation of Stereotypes|journal=Personality and Social Psychology Review|volume=5|issue=2|pages=141–155|doi=10.1207/s15327957pspr0502_5|issn=1088-8683|citeseerx=10.1.1.379.4076|s2cid=17740957}}</ref> Stereotypes that one believes others hold about them are called [[metastereotype]]s.