Editing Miser (section)

===Fiction===
Characterisation of misers has been a frequent focus in prose fiction:
[[File:Cruickshank miser.jpg|thumb|The miser discovers the loss of his money, [[George Cruikshank|George Cruickshank]]'s 1842 illustration for [[William Harrison Ainsworth|Ainsworth's]] ''[[The Miser's Daughter]]'']]

* The miserly priest who was [[Lazarillo de Tormes]]' second master in the Spanish [[picaresque novel]] published in 1554.<ref>The Universal Anthology vol.12, 1899, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TCoPAQAAMAAJ&dq=Greek+Anthology+miser&pg=PA94 pp.94-103]</ref>
* Yan Jiansheng in an episode of ''[[The Scholars (novel)|The Scholars]]'' by Wu Jingzi (吳敬梓), written about 1750. This miser was unable to die easily until a wasteful second wick was removed from the lamp at his bedside.<ref>C. T. Hsia, ''The Classic Chinese Novel: A Critical Introduction'', Chinese University Press, 2016</ref>
*Jean-Esther van Gobseck – an affluent usurer in the novel ''[[Gobseck]]'' (1830) by [[Balzac]].<ref>A translation on the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1389 Gutenberg site]</ref>
*Felix Grandet – whose daughter is the title character in the novel ''[[Eugénie Grandet]]'' (1833) by [[Balzac]].<ref>A translation on the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1715 Gutenberg site]</ref>
*Fardarougha Donovan in the Irish [[William Carleton]]'s ''Fardarougha the Miser'' (1839).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16002/16002-h/16002-h.htm|title=Fardorougha, the Miser, by William Carleton|work=gutenberg.org}}</ref>
*John Scarve – in the novel ''[[The Miser's Daughter]]'' (1842) by [[William Harrison Ainsworth]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IsEBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP1|title=The miser's daughter|work=google.co.uk|last1=Ainsworth|first1=William Harrison|year=1855}}</ref> 
*[[Ebenezer Scrooge]] – the lead character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' (1843) by [[Charles Dickens]].<ref>Available on the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46 Gutenberg site]</ref> He may have been partly based on John Elwes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4y78YB9vVMG1xYrW8CmzjPw/a-life-wasted-who-was-the-real-ebenezer-scrooge|title=BBC Arts - BBC Arts - ‘A life wasted’: Who was the real Ebenezer Scrooge?|website=BBC}}</ref> The story has been [[Adaptations of A Christmas Carol|adapted many times]] for stage and screen.
*Mr. Prokharchin – title character of the short story ''[[Mr. Prokharchin]]'' (1846) by [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Lantz|first=K. A.|title=The Dostoevsky encyclopedia|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2004 |isbn=0-313-30384-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XfDOcmJisn0C&pg=PA118|page=118}}</ref>
*Uncle Jan and his nephew Thijs in [[Hendrik Conscience]]'s novel of Flemish peasant life, ''De Gierigaard'' (1853, translated into English as "The Miser" in 1855).<ref>Available in [https://books.google.com/books?id=osABAAAAQAAJ Google Books]</ref>
*Silas Marner – title character of [[George Eliot]]'s novel ''[[Silas Marner]]'' (1861), who eventually abandons his avaricious ways.<ref>Available on the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/550 Gutenberg site]</ref>
*Ebenezer Balfour the villain of [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s ''[[Kidnapped (novel)|Kidnapped]]'' (1886), which is set during the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] disturbances in 18th century Scotland. Attempting to deprive his nephew David (the hero of the novel) of his inheritance, he arranges to have the young man kidnapped.<ref>Available on the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/421 Gutenberg site]</ref>
*Francisco Torquemada, the main character in [[Perez Galdós]]' ''Torquemada en la hoguera'' (Toquemada on the pire, 1889). The novel is centred on a Madrid moneylender who had appeared incidentally in earlier novels of his and now had three more devoted to him: ''Torquemada en la cruz'' (Toquemada on the cross, 1893), ''Torquemada en el purgatorio'' (Toquemada in Purgatory, 1894) and ''Torquemada y San Pedro'' (Torquemada and Saint Peter, 1895). All of these deal with Spanish social trends in the closing years of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gep.group.shef.ac.uk/abctorq.htm|title=The Perez Galdos Editions Project - Summary of the Torquemada novels|work=shef.ac.uk}}</ref>
*Trina McTeague, the miserly wife in ''[[McTeague]]: a story of San Francisco'' (1899) by [[Frank Norris]].<ref>Available online at [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/165/165-h/165-h.htm Gutenberg]</ref> As avarice slowly overtakes her, she withdraws her savings so that she can gloat over the money and even roll about in it. The book was the basis for a silent film in 1916 and [[Erich von Stroheim]]'s ''[[Greed (1924 film)|Greed]]'' in 1924.  More recently, it was also the basis for [[William Bolcom]]'s opera ''McTeague'' (1992).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-QCAAAAMBAJ&q=mcteague+opera&pg=PA99|title=New York Magazine|work=google.co.uk|date=16 November 1992}}</ref>
*Henry Earlforward in [[Arnold Bennett]]'s novel ''[[Riceyman Steps]]'' (1923), who makes life miserable for the wife who married him in the hope of security.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://severalebooks.com/386064/riceyman-steps-arnold-bennett.html|title=Riceyman Steps – Arnold Bennett|work=Several eBooks Free|access-date=2014-08-20|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015232/http://severalebooks.com/386064/riceyman-steps-arnold-bennett.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Séraphin Poudrier, the central figure in [[Claude-Henri Grignon]]'s ''Un Homme et son péché'' (1933). This French-Canadian novel was translated into English as "The Woman and the Miser" in 1978. Set at the end of the 19th century, the novel broke with the convention of extolling rural life and depicts a miser who mistreats his wife and lets her die because calling in a doctor would cost money. There have been adaptations for stage, radio, TV and two films, of which the most recent was ''Séraphin: un homme et son péché'' (2002), titled [[Séraphin: Heart of Stone]] in the English-language version.

There were beside many other prolific and once popular novelists who addressed themselves to the subject of miserliness. For the most part theirs were genre works catering to readers in the [[Public library#Origins as a social institution|circulating libraries]] of the 19th century. Among them was the [[gothic novel]] ''The miser and his family'' (1800) by [[Eliza Parsons]] and [[Catherine Hutton]]'s ''The miser married'' (1813). The latter was an [[epistolary novel]] in which Charlotte Montgomery describes her own romantic affairs and in addition those of her mother, an unprincipled spendthrift who has just married the miser of the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/misermarriednove03hutt|title=The miser married : a novel. In three volumes : Hutton, Catherine, 1756-1846 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|work=Internet Archive|year=1813 }}</ref> Another female novelist, Mary E. Bennett (1813–99), set her ''The Gipsy Bride or the Miser's Daughter'' (1841) in the 16th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REFWAAAAcAAJ|title=The Gipsey Bride: Or, the Miser's Daughter. By the Author of Jane Shore ...|work=google.co.uk|last1=Bennett|first1=Mary E.|year=1841}}</ref> [[Mary Elizabeth Braddon]]'s [[Aurora Floyd]] (1863) was a successful [[sensation novel]] in which banknotes rather than gold are the object of desire and a motive for murder.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/aurorafloydnovel00brad#page/n5/mode/2up|title=Aurora Floyd. A novel|work=archive.org|year=1863 }}</ref> It was dramatised the same year and later toured the US; in 1912 it was made a silent film. Later examples include [[Eliza Lynn Linton]]'s ''Paston Carew, Millionaire and Miser'' (1886); ''Miser Farebrother'' (1888) by [[Benjamin Leopold Farjeon]];<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MN_HhLbRqxkC|title=Miser Farebrother: A Novel (Complete)|isbn=9781465528162|last1=Farjeon|first1=Benjamin Leopold|year=1889}}</ref> and ''Dollikins and the Miser'' (1890) by the American Frances Eaton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/dollikinsandmis00eatogoog|title=Dollikins and the Miser : Frances Eaton : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|work=Internet Archive|year=1890 }}</ref> In 1904 [[Jerome K. Jerome]] created ''Nicholas Snyders, The Miser of Zandam'' in a sentimental story of the occult in which the Dutch merchant persuades a generous young man to exchange souls with him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/869/869-h/869-h.htm|title=The Soul of Nicholas Snyders, Or the Miser Of Zandam, by Jerome K. Jerome|work=gutenberg.org}}</ref>