Editing Mobile payment (section)

== Contactless near-field communication ==
{{Update|section|reason=missing contemporary adoption status |date=May 2024}}

[[Near-field communication]] (NFC) is used mostly in paying for purchases made in physical stores or transportation services. A consumer using a special mobile phone equipped with a smartcard waves their phone near a reader module. Most transactions do not require authentication, but some require authentication using PIN, before transaction is completed. The payment could be deducted from a pre-paid account or charged to a mobile or bank account directly.

Mobile payment method via NFC faces significant challenges for wide and fast adoption, due to lack of supporting infrastructure, complex ecosystem of stakeholders, and standards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/6930 |title=VDC: NFC Adoption Will Be Slower Than Expected |publisher=RFID Journal |date=2008-03-03 |access-date=2011-09-19 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015000307/http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/6930 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some phone manufacturers and banks, however, are enthusiastic. Ericsson and Aconite are examples of businesses that make it possible for banks to create consumer mobile payment applications that take advantage of NFC technology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobilepaymentstoday.com/article/195615/Ericsson-and-Aconite-collaborate-on-mobile-contactless-payments |title=Ericsson and Aconite collaborate on mobile contactless payments |work=Mobile Payments Today |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-01-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216112508/http://www.mobilepaymentstoday.com/article/195615/Ericsson-and-Aconite-collaborate-on-mobile-contactless-payments |archive-date=2013-02-16 }}</ref>

NFC vendors in Japan are closely related to mass-transit networks, like the [[Suica|Mobile Suica]] used since 28 January 2006 on the [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] rail network. The mobile wallet [[Osaifu-Keitai]] system, used since 2004 for Mobile Suica and many others including [[Edy]] and [[nanaco]], has become the ''de facto'' standard method for mobile payments in [[Japan]]. Its core technology, Mobile FeliCa IC, is partially owned by [[Sony]], [[NTT DoCoMo]] and JR East. Mobile FeliCa utilize Sony's [[FeliCa]] technology, which itself is the de facto standard for [[contactless smart card]]s in the country. NFC was used in transports for the first time in the world by [[China Unicom]] and Yucheng Transportation Card in the tramways and bus of [[Chongqing]] on 19 January 2009,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=Mobile and transit operators launch NFC payments system in Chongqing |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2009/01/19/3577/mobile-and-transit-operators-launch-nfc-payments-system-in-chongqing/ |date=19 January 2019 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303174513/https://www.nfcw.com/2009/01/19/3577/mobile-and-transit-operators-launch-nfc-payments-system-in-chongqing/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in those of [[Nice]] on 21 May 2010,<ref name="Nice2010">{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=NFC city pilot to go live in Nice on 21 May under 'Cityzi' banner |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2010/05/14/33638/nfc-city-pilot-to-go-live-in-nice-on-21-may-under-cityzi-banner/ |date=14 May 2010 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=19 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719165044/https://www.nfcw.com/2010/05/14/33638/nfc-city-pilot-to-go-live-in-nice-on-21-may-under-cityzi-banner/ |url-status=live }}</ref> then in [[Seoul]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=KDDI, Softbank Mobile and SK Telecom to introduce NFC standard services in Japan and Korea |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2010/07/15/34145/kddi-softbank-mobile-and-sk-telecom-to-introduce-nfc-standard-services-in-japan-and-korea/ |date=15 July 2010 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025143231/https://www.nfcw.com/2010/07/15/34145/kddi-softbank-mobile-and-sk-telecom-to-introduce-nfc-standard-services-in-japan-and-korea/ |url-status=live }}</ref> after its introduction in Korea by the discount retailer [[Homeplus]] in March 2010<ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=SK Telecom and Hana launch SIM-based mobile contactless payments and promotions service |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2010/03/25/33318/sk-telecom-and-hana-launch-sim-based-mobile-contactless-payments-and-promotions-service/ |date=25 March 2010 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001201516/https://www.nfcw.com/2010/03/25/33318/sk-telecom-and-hana-launch-sim-based-mobile-contactless-payments-and-promotions-service/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and it was tested then adopted or added to the existing systems in [[Tokyo]] from May 2010 to end of 2012.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=Gemalto provides KDDI with end-to-end NFC security solution |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2010/06/14/33923/gemalto-provides-kddi-with-end-to-end-nfc-security-solution/ |date=14 June 2010 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123161326/https://www.nfcw.com/2010/06/14/33923/gemalto-provides-kddi-with-end-to-end-nfc-security-solution/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=NTT Docomo partners with Korea's KT to switch to NFC at end of 2012 |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2011/02/09/35835/ntt-docomo-partners-with-koreas-kt-to-switch-to-nfc-at-end-of-2012/ |date=9 February 2011 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805231302/https://www.nfcw.com/2011/02/09/35835/ntt-docomo-partners-with-koreas-kt-to-switch-to-nfc-at-end-of-2012/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After an experimentation in the metro of [[Rennes]] in 2007, the NFC standard was implemented for the first time in a metro network, by China Unicom in [[Beijing]] on 31 December 2010.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=China Unicom launches commercial NFC service in Beijing |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2011/01/05/35551/china-unicom-launches-commercial-nfc-service-in-beijing/ |date=5 January 2011 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809202513/https://www.nfcw.com/2011/01/05/35551/china-unicom-launches-commercial-nfc-service-in-beijing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other NFC vendors mostly in Europe use [[contactless payment]] over mobile phones to pay for on- and off-street parking in specially demarcated areas. Parking wardens may enforce the parking by license plate, transponder tags, or [[barcode]] stickers.

In Europe, the first experimentations of mobile payment took place in Germany during 6 months, from May 2005, with a deferred payment at the end of each month on the tramways and bus of [[Hanau]] with the [[Nokia]] 3220 using the NFC standard of [[Philips]] and [[Sony]].<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=A Hanau, le portable-ticket de bus joue au juste prix |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/a-hanau-le-portable-ticket-de-bus-joue-au-juste-prix-276000.html |date=2 May 2005 |access-date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629113035/https://www.01net.com/actualites/a-hanau-le-portable-ticket-de-bus-joue-au-juste-prix-276000.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In France the immediate contactless payment was experimented during 6 months, from October 2005, in some Cofinoga shops ([[Galeries Lafayette]], [[Monoprix]]) and [[Vinci SA|Vinci]] parkings of [[Caen]] with a [[Samsung]] NFC [[smartphone]] provided by [[Orange S.A.|Orange]] in collaboration with [[Philips Semiconductors]] (for the first time, thanks to "Fly Tag", the system allowed to receive as well audiovisual informations, like bus timetables or cinema trailers from the concerned services).<ref name="Caen">{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=Caen, la ville où l'on paye et s'informe en sortant son portable |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/caen-la-ville-ou-lon-paye-et-sinforme-en-sortant-son-portable-292660.html |date=20 October 2005 |access-date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627220830/https://www.01net.com/actualites/caen-la-ville-ou-lon-paye-et-sinforme-en-sortant-son-portable-292660.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nice"/> From 19 November 2007 to 2009, this experimentation was extended in Caen to more services and three additional [[mobile phone operator]]s ([[Bouygues Telecom]], [[SFR]] and [[NRJ Mobile]]) and in [[Strasbourg]]<ref name="Nice">{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=Les transports en commun niçois se mettent au paiement sans contact |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/les-transports-en-commun-nicois-se-mettent-au-paiement-sans-contact-502462.html |date=24 May 2009 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629125050/https://www.01net.com/actualites/les-transports-en-commun-nicois-se-mettent-au-paiement-sans-contact-502462.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and on 5 November 2007, Orange and the transport societies [[SNCF]] and [[Keolis]] associated themselves for a 2 months experimentation on smartphones in the metro, bus and TER trains in [[Rennes]].<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=Les transports rennais payés par mobile 'sans contact' |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/les-transports-rennais-payes-par-mobile-sans-contact-363993.html |date=7 November 2007 |access-date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629075443/https://www.01net.com/actualites/les-transports-rennais-payes-par-mobile-sans-contact-363993.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nice"/> After a test conducted from October 2005 to November 2006 with 27 users,<ref name="tests">{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=banquedesterritoires.fr |title=Télécoms - La révolution mobile sans contact arrive en 2008 |url=https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/la-revolution-mobile-sans-contact-arrive-en-2008 |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=30 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630023310/https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/la-revolution-mobile-sans-contact-arrive-en-2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> on 21 May 2010, the transport authority of [[Nice]] ''Régie Lignes d'Azur'' was the first public transport provider in Europe to add definitely to its own offer a contactless payment on its tramways and bus network either with a [[Near-field communication|NFC]] [[bank card]] or [[smartphone]] application notably on [[Samsung]] Player One (with the same mobile phone operators than in Caen and Strasbourg), as well as the validation aboard with them of the transport titles and the loading of these titles onto the smartphone, in addition to the season tickets contactless card.<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=Nice, première ville à passer au paiement sans contact |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/nice-premiere-ville-a-passer-au-paiement-sans-contact-516923.html |date=21 May 2010 |access-date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728200804/https://www.01net.com/actualites/nice-premiere-ville-a-passer-au-paiement-sans-contact-516923.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nice2010"/> This service was as well experimented then respectively implemented for NFC smartphones on 18 and 25 June 2013 in the tramways and bus of [[Caen]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=A Caen, avec un mobile sans contact, on valide dans les bus et trams |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/a-caen-avec-un-mobile-sans-contact-on-valide-dans-les-bus-et-trams-597907.html |date=18 June 2013 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629012154/https://www.01net.com/actualites/a-caen-avec-un-mobile-sans-contact-on-valide-dans-les-bus-et-trams-597907.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=NFC transit ticketing service goes live in French city of Caen |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2013/06/18/324659/nfc-transit-ticketing-service-goes-live-in-french-city-of-caen/ |date=18 June 2013 |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814101922/https://www.nfcw.com/2013/06/18/324659/nfc-transit-ticketing-service-goes-live-in-french-city-of-caen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Strasbourg.<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=01net.com |title=A Strasbourg, on voyage en bus et en tram grâce à un mobile sans contact |url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/a-strasbourg-on-voyage-en-bus-et-en-tram-grace-a-un-mobile-sans-contact-598603.html |date=27 June 2013 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032936/https://www.01net.com/actualites/a-strasbourg-on-voyage-en-bus-et-en-tram-grace-a-un-mobile-sans-contact-598603.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=nfcw.com |title=Strasbourg NFC ticketing moves to commercial launch |url=https://www.nfcw.com/2013/07/05/324901/strasbourg-nfc-ticketing-moves-to-commercial-launch/ |date=5 July 2013 |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224143539/https://www.nfcw.com/2013/07/05/324901/strasbourg-nfc-ticketing-moves-to-commercial-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Paris]] transport network, after a 4 months testing from November 2006 with Bouygues Telecom and 43 persons<ref name="tests"/> and finally with {{formatnum:8000}} users from July 2018, the contactless mobile payment and direct validation on the turnstile readers with a smartphone was adopted on 25 September 2019<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=Twitter |title=Ça y est, certains smartphones Samsung peuvent servir de titres de transport en Île-de-France ! |url=https://twitter.com/Frandroid/status/1115265584210567170 |date=8 April 2019 |access-date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906193710/https://twitter.com/Frandroid/status/1115265584210567170 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/O4q8aCps0kQ Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200731164419/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4q8aCps0kQ Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|language=fr-FR |publisher=YouTube |title=Le dernier (ticket de) métro, at 2:10 and 2:38 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4q8aCps0kQ |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |publisher=RATP |title=Et si vous achetiez vos titres de transport depuis votre appli RATP ? |url=https://www.ratp.fr/en/achetez-vos-titres-de-transports-par-telephone |date=12 November 2019 |access-date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628172545/https://www.ratp.fr/en/achetez-vos-titres-de-transports-par-telephone |url-status=live }}</ref> in collaboration with the societies Orange, Samsung, Wizway Solutions, Worldline and Conduent.

Other vendors use a combination of both NFC and a barcode on the mobile device for mobile payment, because many mobile devices in the market do not yet support NFC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com/2010/10/15/34696/israel-bank-launch-nfc-mobile-barcode-payments/ |title=Digimo Group NFC Dual two phase commit |publisher=Nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com |date=2010-10-15 |access-date=2011-09-19 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809144531/http://www.nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com/2010/10/15/34696/israel-bank-launch-nfc-mobile-barcode-payments/ |url-status=live }}</ref>