Editing Modelling biological systems (section)

====Brain model====
The [[Blue Brain Project]] is an attempt to create a synthetic brain by [[Reverse engineering|reverse-engineering]] the [[mammalian brain]] down to the molecular level. The aim of this project, founded in May 2005 by the Brain and Mind Institute of the ''[[Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|École Polytechnique]]'' in [[Lausanne]], Switzerland, is to study the brain's architectural and functional principles. The project is headed by the Institute's director, Henry Markram. Using a [[Blue Gene]] [[supercomputer]] running Michael Hines's [[Neuron (software)|NEURON software]], the simulation does not consist simply of an [[artificial neural network]], but involves a partially biologically realistic model of [[neuron]]s.<ref name="Brainsim">Graham-Rowe, Duncan. [https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7470--mission-to-build-a-simulated-brain-begins.html "Mission to build a simulated brain begins"], ''NewScientist'', June 2005.</ref><ref>Palmer, Jason. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8012496.stm Simulated brain closer to thought], BBC News.</ref> It is hoped by its proponents that it will eventually shed light on the nature of [[consciousness]].
There are a number of sub-projects, including the [[Cajal Blue Brain]], coordinated by the [[Supercomputing and Visualization Center of Madrid]] (CeSViMa), and others run by universities and independent laboratories in the UK, U.S., and Israel. The Human Brain Project builds on the work of the Blue Brain Project.<ref name="hbp_homepage">[http://www.humanbrainproject.eu/index.html The Human Brain Project.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705000755/http://www.humanbrainproject.eu/index.html |date=July 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="hbp_video">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4a-Om-1MrQ Video of Henry Markram presenting The Human Brain Project on 22 June 2012.]</ref> It is one of six pilot projects in the Future Emerging Technologies Research Program of the European Commission,<ref name="FET_flagships_homepage">[http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/programme/fet/flagship/home_en.html FET Flagships Initiative homepage.]</ref> competing for a billion euro funding.