Editing Modern architecture (section)

===Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933)===
{{Main|Bauhaus}}
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Bauhaus Dessau 2018.jpg|The [[Bauhaus Dessau building]] in [[Dessau]], designed by [[Walter Gropius]] (1926)
Bernau bei Berlin ADGB Schule Wohntrakte vorne.jpg|[[ADGB Trade Union School]] in [[Bernau bei Berlin]] by [[Hannes Meyer]] and [[Hans Wittwer]] (1928–30)
File:Haus am Horn, Weimar (Südwestansicht).jpg|[[Haus am Horn]], [[Weimar]] by [[Georg Muche]] (1923)
File:The Barcelona Pavilion, Barcelona, 2010.jpg|The [[Barcelona Pavilion]] (modern reconstruction) by [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] (1929)
File:WeissenhofsiedlungJJPOud-pjt.jpg|The [[Weissenhof Estate]] in [[Stuttgart]], built by the [[German Werkbund]] (1927)
</gallery>
In Germany, two important modernist movements appeared after the first World War, The [[Bauhaus]] was a school founded in [[Weimar]] in 1919 under the direction of [[Walter Gropius]]. Gropius was the son of the official state architect of Berlin, who studied before the war with [[Peter Behrens]], and designed the modernist Fagus turbine factory. The Bauhaus was a fusion of the prewar Academy of Arts and the school of technology. In 1926 it was transferred from Weimar to Dessau; Gropius designed the new school and student dormitories in the new, purely functional modernist style he was encouraging. The school brought together modernists in all fields; the faculty included the modernist painters [[Vasily Kandinsky]], [[Josef Albers|Joseph Albers]] and [[Paul Klee]], and the designer [[Marcel Breuer]].

Gropius became an important theorist of modernism, writing ''The Idea and Construction'' in 1923. He was an advocate of standardization in architecture, and the mass construction of rationally designed apartment blocks for factory workers. In 1928 he was commissioned by the [[Siemens]] company to build apartment for workers in the suburbs of Berlin, and in 1929 he proposed the construction of clusters of slender eight- to ten-story high-rise apartment towers for workers.

While Gropius was active at the Bauhaus, [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] led the modernist architectural movement in Berlin. Inspired by the [[De Stijl]] movement in the Netherlands, he built clusters of concrete summer houses and proposed a project for a glass office tower. He became the vice president of the German Werkbund, and became the head of the Bauhaus from 1930 to 1933. proposing a wide variety of modernist plans for urban reconstruction. His most famous modernist work was the German pavilion for the 1929 international exposition in Barcelona. It was a work of pure modernism, with glass and concrete walls and clean, horizontal lines. Though it was only a temporary structure, and was torn down in 1930, it became, along with Le Corbusier's [[Villa Savoye]], one of the best-known landmarks of modernist architecture. A reconstructed version now stands on the original site in Barcelona.{{Sfn|Bony|2012|pages=93–95}}

When the Nazis came to power in Germany, they viewed the Bauhaus as a training ground for communists, and closed the school in 1933. Gropius left Germany and went to England, then to the United States, where he and [[Marcel Breuer]] both joined the faculty of the [[Harvard Graduate School of Design]], and became the teachers of a generation of American postwar architects. In 1937 Mies van der Rohe also moved to the United States; he became one of the most famous designers of postwar American skyscrapers.{{Sfn|Bony|2012|pages=93–95}}