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Mohawk language
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===Consonants=== A [[Linguistic typology|typologically]] uncommon feature of Mohawk (and Iroquoian) phonology is that there are no [[labial consonant|labials]] (m, p, b, f, v), except in a few adoptions from French and English, where {{IPA|[m]}} and {{IPA|[p]}} appear (e.g., {{lang|moh|mátsis}} "matches" and {{lang|moh|aplám}} "Abraham"); these sounds are late additions to Mohawk phonology and were introduced after widespread European contact. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Mohawk Consonants ! ! [[Dental consonant|Dental]] ! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|n}} | || || |- ! [[Stop consonant|Plosive]] | {{IPA link|t}} ({{IPA link|d}}) | | {{IPA link|k}} ({{IPA link|ɡ}}) | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |- ! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | | {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} | || |- ! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | {{IPA link|s}} ({{IPA link|z}}) | || | {{IPA link|h}} |- ! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | {{IPA link|l}} / {{IPA link|r}} | {{IPA link|j}} | {{IPA link|w}} | |} ====Consonant clusters==== The Central ({{lang|moh|Ahkwesáhsne}}) dialect has the following consonant clusters. All clusters can occur word-medially; those on a tinted background can also occur word-initially. {| class="wikitable" |- ! 1st↓ · 2nd→ !! t !! k !! s !! h !! l !! n !! d͡ʒ !! j !! w |- ! t | tt || style="background:#FFDFBF"| tk | style="background:#FFDFBF"| ts | style="background:#FFDFBF"| th || || || || || |- ! k | style="background:#FFDFBF"| kt | style="background:#FFDFBF"| kk | style="background:#FFDFBF"| ks | style="background:#FFDFBF"| kh || || || || || kw |- ! ʔ | ʔt || ʔk || ʔs || || ʔl || ʔn || ʔd͡ʒ || ʔj || ʔw |- ! s | style="background:#FFDFBF"| st | style="background:#FFDFBF"| sk || ss | style="background:#FFDFBF"| sh | style="background:#FFDFBF"| sl | style="background:#FFDFBF"| sn || | style="background:#FFDFBF"| sj | style="background:#FFDFBF"| sw |- ! h | ht || hk || hs || | style="background:#FFDFBF"| hl || hn || hd͡ʒ || hj || hw |- ! l | || || || lh || || || || lj || |- ! n | || || || nh || nl || || | style="background:#FFDFBF"| nj || |- ! d͡ʒ | || || || || || || | style="background:#FFDFBF"| d͡ʒj || |- ! w | || || || wh || || || || || |} Note that /th/ and /sh/ are pronounced individually in consonant clusters, ''not'' single sounds like in English ⟨th⟩ and ⟨sh⟩ in ''thing'' and ''she''. ====Consonant voicing==== The consonants {{IPA|/k/, /t/}} and the clusters {{IPA|/ts kw/}} are pronounced voiced before any voiced sound (i.e. a vowel or {{IPA|/j/}}). They are voiceless at the end of a word or before a voiceless sound. {{IPA|/s/}} is voiced word initially and between vowels. :{{lang|moh|kà꞉sere}} {{IPA|[ˈɡǎːzɛrɛ]}} "car" :{{lang|moh|thí꞉ken}} {{IPA|[ˈthǐːɡʌ̃]}} "that" :{{lang|moh|shé꞉kon}} {{IPA|[ˈshɛ̌ːɡũ]}} "still"
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