Editing Moving Picture Experts Group (section)

==Standards==
The MPEG standards consist of different ''Parts''. Each ''Part'' covers a certain aspect of the whole specification.<ref>''Understanding MPEG-4'', p. 78</ref> The standards also specify ''[[Profile (engineering)|profiles]]'' and ''levels''. ''Profiles'' are intended to define a set of tools that are available, and ''Levels'' define the range of appropriate values for the properties associated with them.<ref>{{cite book | first= Cliff |last=Wootton | title = A Practical Guide to Video and Audio Compression | page = 665}}</ref> Some of the approved MPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions.

The primary early MPEG compression formats and related standards include:<ref name="Ghanbari">{{cite book |last1=Ghanbari |first1=Mohammed |author1-link=Mohammed Ghanbari |title=Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding |date=2003 |publisher=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] |isbn=9780852967102 |pages=1–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XuU8T3ooOAC&pg=PA1}}</ref>
*[[MPEG-1]] (1993): ''Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5&nbsp;Mbit/s'' (ISO/IEC 11172). This initial version is known as a lossy fileformat and is the first MPEG compression standard for [[audio compression (data)|audio]] and [[video compression|video]]. It is commonly limited to about 1.5&nbsp;Mbit/s although the specification is capable of much higher bit rates. It was basically designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the [[bitrate]] of a [[compact disc]]. It is used on [[Video CD]] and can be used for low-quality video on DVD Video. It was used in digital satellite/cable TV services before MPEG-2 became widespread. To meet the low bit requirement, MPEG-1 [[downsample]]s the images, as well as uses picture rates of only 24–30&nbsp;Hz, resulting in a moderate quality.<ref name=handbook_p4/> It includes the popular MPEG-1 Audio Layer III ([[MP3]]) audio compression format.
*[[MPEG-2]] (1996): ''Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information'' (ISO/IEC 13818). Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. MPEG-2 standard was considerably broader in scope and of wider appeal – supporting [[Interlaced video|interlacing]] and [[High-definition video|high definition]]. MPEG-2 is considered important because it was chosen as the compression scheme for over-the-air [[digital television]] [[ATSC standards|ATSC]], [[DVB]] and [[ISDB]], digital satellite TV services like [[Dish Network]], digital [[cable television]] signals, [[SVCD]] and [[DVD-Video]].<ref name=handbook_p4>''The MPEG Handbook'', p. 4</ref> It is also used on [[Blu-ray Disc]]s, but these normally use MPEG-4 Part 10 or SMPTE [[VC-1]] for high-definition content.
*[[MPEG-4]] (1998): ''Coding of audio-visual objects''. (ISO/IEC 14496) MPEG-4 provides a framework for more advanced compression algorithms potentially resulting in higher compression ratios compared to MPEG-2 at the cost of higher computational requirements. MPEG-4 also supports Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP), which provides the facility to use proprietary technologies to manage and protect content like [[digital rights management]].<ref>''Understanding MPEG-4'', p. 83</ref> It also supports MPEG-J, a fully programmatic solution for creation of custom interactive multimedia applications ([[Java application]] environment with a [[Java API]]) and many other features.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies/mpeg-4/mp04-j/index.htm |title=MPEG-J White Paper |date=July 2005 |access-date=2010-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies/mpeg-4/mpj-gfx/index.htm |title=MPEG-J GFX white paper |date=July 2005 |access-date=2010-04-11}}</ref><ref name="mpeg4-part21">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41733 | title=ISO/IEC 14496-21:2006 – Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 21: MPEG-J Graphics Framework eXtensions (GFX) | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | access-date=2009-10-30}}</ref> Two new higher-efficiency video coding standards (newer than MPEG-2 Video) are included:
**[[MPEG-4 Part 2]] (including its Simple and Advanced Simple profiles) and
** [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC|MPEG-4 AVC]] (MPEG-4 Part 10 or ITU-T H.264, 2003). MPEG-4 AVC may be used on [[HD DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc]]s, along with [[VC-1]] and MPEG-2.
MPEG-4 AVC was chosen as the video compression scheme for over-the-air television broadcasting in Brazil (ISDB-TB), based on the digital television system of Japan (ISDB-T).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.forumsbtvd.org.br/materias.asp?id=20 | title=O que é o ISDB-TB | author=Fórum SBTVD | access-date=2012-06-02 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2011-08-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825150254/http://www.forumsbtvd.org.br/materias.asp?id=20 }}</ref>

An [[MPEG-3]] project was cancelled. MPEG-3 was planned to deal with standardizing scalable and multi-resolution compression<ref name=handbook_p4/> and was intended for HDTV compression, but was found to be unnecessary and was merged with MPEG-2; as a result there is no MPEG-3 standard.<ref name=handbook_p4/><ref>{{cite book|last=Salomon|first=David |title=Data compression: the complete reference|url=https://archive.org/details/datacompressionc00salo_251|url-access=limited|publisher=Springer|year=2007|edition=4|page=[https://archive.org/details/datacompressionc00salo_251/page/n694 676]|chapter=Video Compression|isbn=978-1-84628-602-5}}</ref> The cancelled MPEG-3 project is not to be confused with [[MP3]], which is MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III.

In addition, the following standards, while not sequential advances to the video encoding standard as with MPEG-1 through MPEG-4, are referred to by similar notation:
*[[MPEG-7]] (2002): ''Multimedia content description interface''. (ISO/IEC 15938)
*[[MPEG-21]] (2001): ''Multimedia framework (MPEG-21)''. (ISO/IEC 21000) MPEG describes this standard as a ''[[multimedia framework]]'' and provides for intellectual property management and protection.

Moreover, more recently than other standards above, MPEG has produced the following international standards; each of the standards holds multiple MPEG technologies for a variety of applications.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/|title=MPEG – The Moving Picture Experts Group website}}</ref><ref name="mpeg-achievemnts">{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/achievements.htm | title=About MPEG – Achievements | author=MPEG | publisher=chiariglione.org | access-date=2009-10-31 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708183405/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/achievements.htm | archive-date=2008-07-08 }}</ref><ref name="mpeg-terms-of-reference">{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/terms_of_reference.htm | title=Terms of Reference | author=MPEG | publisher=chiariglione.org | access-date=2009-10-31 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221015538/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/terms_of_reference.htm | archive-date=2010-02-21 }}</ref><ref name="mpeg-standards">{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards.htm | title=MPEG standards – Full list of standards developed or under development | author=MPEG | publisher=chiariglione.org | access-date=2009-10-31 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420192552/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards.htm | archive-date=2010-04-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies.htm | title=MPEG technologies | author=MPEG | publisher=chiariglione.org | access-date=2009-10-31 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221015506/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies.htm | archive-date=2010-02-21 }}</ref> (For example, MPEG-A includes a number of technologies on multimedia application format.)
*[[MPEG-A]] (2007): ''Multimedia application format (MPEG-A)''. (ISO/IEC 23000) (e.g., an explanation of the purpose for multimedia application formats,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=42010 | title=ISO/IEC TR 23000-1:2007 – Information technology – Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) – Part 1: Purpose for multimedia application formats | author=ISO | access-date=2009-10-31}}</ref> MPEG music player application format, MPEG photo player application format and others)
*[[MPEG-B]] (2006): ''MPEG systems technologies''. (ISO/IEC 23001) (e.g., [[BiM|Binary MPEG format for XML]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=35417 | title=ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006 – Information technology – MPEG systems technologies – Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML | author=ISO | access-date=2009-10-31}}</ref> Fragment Request Units (FRUs), Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL), [[MPEG Common Encryption]] and others)
*[[MPEG-C]] (2006): ''MPEG video technologies''. (ISO/IEC 23002) (e.g., accuracy requirements for implementation of integer-output 8x8 inverse [[discrete cosine transform]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=42030 | title=ISO/IEC 23002-1:2006 – Information technology – MPEG video technologies – Part 1: Accuracy requirements for implementation of integer-output 8x8 inverse discrete cosine transform | author=ISO | access-date=2009-10-31}}</ref> and others)
*[[MPEG-D]] (2007): ''MPEG audio technologies''. (ISO/IEC 23003) (e.g., [[MPEG Surround]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44159 | title=ISO/IEC 23003-1:2007 – Information technology – MPEG audio technologies – Part 1: MPEG Surround | author=ISO | access-date=2009-10-31}}</ref> SAOC-Spatial Audio Object Coding and USAC-[[Unified Speech and Audio Coding]])
*[[MPEG-E]] (2007): ''Multimedia Middleware''. (ISO/IEC 23004) (a.k.a. M3W) (e.g., architecture,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44350 | title=ISO/IEC 23004-1:2007 – Information technology – Multimedia Middleware – Part 1: Architecture | author=ISO | access-date=2009-10-31}}</ref> multimedia application programming interface (API), component model and others)
*[[MPEG-G]] (2019) ''Genomic Information Representation'' (ISO/IEC 23092), Parts 1–6 for transport and storage, coding, metadata and [[Application programming interface|APIs]], reference software, [[Conformance testing|conformance]], and annotations
*''Supplemental media technologies'' (2008, later replaced and withdrawn). (ISO/IEC 29116) It had one published part, media streaming application format protocols, which was later replaced and revised in MPEG-M Part 4's MPEG extensible middleware (MPEG-M) protocols.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45139 | title=ISO/IEC 29116-1:2008 – Information technology – Supplemental media technologies – Part 1: Media streaming application format protocols | author=ISO | access-date=2009-11-07}}</ref>
*[[MPEG-V]] (2011): ''Media context and control''. (ISO/IEC 23005) (a.k.a. Information exchange with Virtual Worlds)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm#MPEG-V | title=MPEG-V (Media context and control) | author=ISO/IEC JTC&nbsp;1/SC&nbsp;29 | date=2009-10-30 | access-date=2009-11-01 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231054907/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm#MPEG-V | archive-date=2013-12-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/working_documents.htm#MPEG-V | title=Working documents – MPEG-V (Information Exchange with Virtual Worlds) | author=MPEG | publisher=chiariglione.org | access-date=2009-11-01 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221015829/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/working_documents.htm#MPEG-V | archive-date=2010-02-21 }}</ref> (e.g., Avatar characteristics, Sensor information, Architecture<ref name="iso23005-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=54985 | title=ISO/IEC FDIS 23005-1 – Information technology – Media context and control – Part 1: Architecture | author=ISO | access-date=2011-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies/mpeg-v/mpv/MPEG-V.pdf | title=Interfacing with Virtual Worlds |first1=Christian |last1=Timmerer |first2=Jean |last2=Gelissen |first3=Markus |last3=Waltl |first4=Hermann |last4=Hellwagner  |name-list-style=amp | access-date=2009-12-29}}</ref> and others)
*[[MPEG-M]] (2010): ''MPEG eXtensible Middleware (MXM)''. (ISO/IEC 23006)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm#MPEG-M | title=MPEG-M (MPEG extensible middleware (MXM)) | author=ISO/IEC JTC&nbsp;1/SC&nbsp;29 | date=2009-10-30 | access-date=2009-11-01 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231054907/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm#MPEG-M | archive-date=2013-12-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://mxm.wg11.sc29.org | title=MPEG Extensible Middleware (MXM) | author=MPEG | access-date=2009-11-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925190713/http://mxm.wg11.sc29.org/ | archive-date=2009-09-25 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/visions/mxm/index.htm | title=MPEG eXtensible Middleware Vision | publisher=ISO | author=JTC&nbsp;1/SC&nbsp;29/WG&nbsp;11 | date=October 2008 | access-date=2009-11-05}}</ref> (e.g., MXM architecture and technologies,<ref name="iso23006-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=54768 | title=ISO/IEC FCD 23006-1 – Information technology – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) – Part 1: MXM architecture and technologies | author=ISO | access-date=2009-10-31}}</ref> API, and MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=55256 | title=ISO/IEC 23006-4 – Information technology – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) – Part 4: MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols | author=ISO | access-date=2011-01-28}}</ref>)
*[[MPEG-U]] (2010): ''[[Rich media]] user interfaces''. (ISO/IEC 23007)<ref name="iso23007-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=55497 | title=ISO/IEC 23007-1 – Information technology – Rich media user interfaces – Part 1: Widgets | author=ISO | access-date=2011-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm#MPEG-U | title=MPEG-U (Rich media user interfaces) | author=JTC&nbsp;1/SC&nbsp;29 | date=2009-10-30 | access-date=2009-11-01 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231054907/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm#MPEG-U | archive-date=2013-12-31 }}</ref> (e.g., Widgets)
*[[MPEG-H]] (2013): ''High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments''. (ISO/IEC 23008) Part 1 – [[MPEG media transport]]; Part 2 – [[High Efficiency Video Coding]] (HEVC, ITU-T H.265); Part 3 – [[MPEG-H 3D Audio|3D Audio]].
*[[MPEG-DASH]] (2012): ''Information technology – Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH)''. (ISO/IEC 23009) Part 1 – Media presentation description and segment formats
*[[MPEG-I]] (2020): ''Coded Representation of Immersive Media''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-i|title = Mpeg-I &#124; Mpeg}}</ref> (ISO/IEC 23090), including Part 2  [[Omnidirectional Media Format]] (OMAF) and Part 3 – [[Versatile Video Coding]] (VVC, ITU-T H.266)
*[[MPEG-CICP]] (ISO/IEC 23091) ''Coding-Independent Code Points'' (CICP), Parts 1–4 for systems, video, audio, and usage of video code points

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|+MPEG groups of standards<ref name="mpeg-achievemnts" /><ref name="mpeg-terms-of-reference" /><ref name="mpeg-standards" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm | title=Programme of Work (Allocated to SC 29/WG 11) | author=JTC&nbsp;1/SC&nbsp;29 | date=2009-11-05 | access-date=2009-11-07 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231054907/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm | archive-date=2013-12-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45316 |title=JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information |author=ISO | access-date=2009-11-07}}</ref>
|-
! width="8%" | Abbreviation for group of standards
! width="30%" | Title
! width="15%" | ISO/IEC standard series number
! width="8%" | First public release date (First edition)
! Description
|-
| [[MPEG-1]] 
| Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5&nbsp;Mbit/s
| ISO/IEC 11172
| 1993
| Although the title focuses on bit rates of 1.5&nbsp;Mbit/s and lower, the standard is also capable of higher bit rates.
|-
| [[MPEG-2]]
| Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information
| ISO/IEC 13818
| 1995
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-3]]
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Abandoned as unnecessary; requirements incorporated into MPEG-2
|-
| [[MPEG-4]]
| Coding of Audio-Visual Objects
| ISO/IEC 14496
| 1999
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-7]]
| Multimedia Content Description Interface
| ISO/IEC 15938
| 2002
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-21]]
| Multimedia Framework
| ISO/IEC 21000
| 2001
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-A]]
| Multimedia Application Format
| ISO/IEC 23000
| 2007
| 
|-
| MPEG-B
| MPEG Systems Technologies
| ISO/IEC 23001
| 2006
| 
|-
| MPEG-C
| MPEG Video Technologies
| ISO/IEC 23002
| 2006
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-D]]
| MPEG Audio Technologies
| ISO/IEC 23003
| 2007
| 
|-
| MPEG-E
| Multimedia Middleware
| ISO/IEC 23004
| 2007
| 
|-
| MPEG-V
| Media Context and Control
| ISO/IEC 23005<ref name="iso23005-1" />
| 2011
| 
|-
| MPEG-M
| MPEG eXtensible Middleware (MXM)
| ISO/IEC 23006<ref name="iso23006-1" />
| 2010
| 
|-
| MPEG-U
| Rich Media User Interfaces
| ISO/IEC 23007<ref name="iso23007-1" />
| 2010
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-H]]
| High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments
| ISO/IEC 23008<ref name=HEVCNovember2013ISOIEC>{{cite news |title=ISO/IEC 23008-2:2013 |publisher=[[International Organization for Standardization]] |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=35424 |date=2013-11-25 |access-date=2013-11-29}}</ref>
| 2013
|
|-
| [[MPEG-DASH]]
| Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
| ISO/IEC 23009
| 2012
| 
|- 
| MPEG-I
| Coded Representation of Immersive Media
| ISO/IEC 23090
| 2020
|
|- 
| MPEG-CICP
| Coding-Independent Code Points
| ISO/IEC 23091
| 2018
| Originally part of MPEG-B
|-
| [[MPEG-G]]
| Genomic Information Representation
| ISO/IEC 23092
| 2019
| 
|-
| MPEG-IoMT
| Internet of Media Things
| ISO/IEC 23093<ref name=IoMTarticleISO>{{cite web |first=Clare |last=Naden |publisher=ISO |url=https://www.iso.org/news/ref2449.html |title=Internet of Media Things to Take Off with New Series of International Standards |date=2019-11-26 |access-date=2021-11-11}}</ref>
| 2019
| 
|-
| [[MPEG-5]]
| General Video Coding
| ISO/IEC 23094
| 2020
| [[Essential Video Coding]] (EVC) and [[LCEVC|Low-Complexity Enhancement Video Coding]] (LCEVC)
|-
| (none)
| Supplemental Media Technologies
| ISO/IEC 29116
| 2008
| Withdrawn and replaced by MPEG-M Part 4 – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols
|}