Editing Multiplication table (section)

==Chinese and Japanese multiplication tables==
{{Main|Chinese multiplication table}}
[[Mokkan]] discovered at [[Heijō Palace]] suggest that the multiplication table may have been introduced to Japan through Chinese mathematical treatises such as the [[Sunzi Suanjing]], because their expression of the multiplication table share the character {{lang|zh|如}} in products less than ten.<ref>{{cite web |title=「九九」は中国伝来...平城宮跡から木簡出土 |url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/kyoiku/news/20101204-OYT8T00242.htm |publisher=Yomiuri Shimbun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207102108/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/kyoiku/news/20101204-OYT8T00242.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2010 |date=December 4, 2010}}</ref> Chinese and Japanese share a similar system of eighty-one short, easily memorable sentences taught to students to help them learn the multiplication table up to 9 × 9. In current usage, the sentences that express products less than ten include an additional particle in both languages. In the case of modern Chinese, this is {{lang|zh|得}} ({{transliteration|zh|dé}}); and in Japanese, this is {{lang|ja|が}} ({{transliteration|ja|ga}}). This is useful for those who practice calculation with a [[suanpan]] or a [[soroban]], because the sentences remind them to shift one column to the right when inputting a product that does not begin with a [[Numerical digit|tens digit]]. In particular, the Japanese multiplication table uses non-standard pronunciations for numbers in some specific instances (such as the replacement of ''san roku'' with ''saburoku'').

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
 |+ The Japanese multiplication table
!×
!1 ''ichi''
!2 ''ni''
!3 ''san''
!4 ''shi''
!5 ''go''
!6 ''roku''
!7 ''shichi''
!8 ''ha''
!9 ''ku''
|-
!1 ''in''
|''in'ichi ga ichi''
|''inni ga ni''
|''insan ga san''
|''inshi ga shi''
|''ingo ga go''
|''inroku ga roku''
|''inshichi ga shichi''
|''inhachi ga hachi''
|''inku ga ku''
|-
!2 ''ni''
|''ni ichi ga ni''
|''ni nin ga shi''
|''ni san ga roku''
|''ni shi ga hachi''
|''ni go jū''
|''ni roku jūni''
|''ni shichi jūshi''
|''ni hachi jūroku''
|''ni ku jūhachi''
|-
!3 ''san''
|''san ichi ga san''
|''san ni ga roku''
|''sazan ga ku''
|''san shi jūni''
|''san go jūgo''
|''saburoku jūhachi''
|''san shichi nijūichi''
|''sanpa nijūshi''
|''san ku nijūshichi''
|-
!4 ''shi''
|''shi ichi ga shi''
|''shi ni ga hachi''
|''shi san jūni''
|''shi shi jūroku''
|''shi go nijū''
|''shi roku nijūshi''
|''shi shichi nijūhachi''
|''shi ha sanjūni''
|''shi ku sanjūroku''
|-
!5 ''go''
|''go ichi ga go''
|''go ni jū''
|''go san jūgo''
|''go shi nijū''
|''go go nijūgo''
|''go roku sanjū''
|''go shichi sanjūgo''
|''go ha shijū''
|''gokku shijūgo''
|-
!6 ''roku''
|''roku ichi ga roku''
|''roku ni jūni''
|''roku san jūhachi''
|''roku shi nijūshi''
|''roku go sanjū''
|''roku roku sanjūroku''
|''roku shichi shijūni''
|''roku ha shijūhachi''
|''rokku gojūshi''
|-
!7 ''shichi''
|''shichi ichi ga shichi''
|''shichi ni jūshi''
|''shichi san nijūichi''
|''shichi shi nijūhachi''
|''shichi go sanjūgo''
|''shichi roku shijūni''
|''shichi shichi shijūku''
|''shichi ha gojūroku''
|''shichi ku rokujūsan''
|-
!8 ''hachi''
|''hachi ichi ga hachi''
|''hachi ni jūroku''
|''hachi san nijūshi''
|''hachi shi sanjūni''
|''hachi go shijū''
|''hachi roku shijūhachi''
|''hachi shichi gojūroku''
|''happa rokujūshi''
|''hakku shichijūni''
|-
!9 ''ku''
|''ku ichi ga ku''
|''ku ni jūhachi''
|''ku san nijūshichi''
|''ku shi sanjūroku''
|''ku go shijūgo''
|''ku roku gojūshi''
|''ku shichi rokujūsan''
|''ku ha shichijūni''
|''ku ku hachijūichi''
|}