Editing Municipalization (section)

===San Francisco===
Key Motivating Factors: The [[California energy crisis]] spiked public support for publicly owned and controlled municipal utilities.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|date=October 2002|title=The Economics of Electric System Municipalization|url=https://sites.hks.harvard.edu/hepg/Papers/Bay.Area.Forum_Econ.analy.Municipalization_10-02.pdf|journal=Bay Area Economic Forum}}</ref>

Timeline of Significant Events:

1990s: Angered by power outages and rate hikes San Franciscans engaged in various attempts to municipalize their electricity.<ref name=":2" />

2001: Two ballot propositions which would have enabled the city to municipalize its electricity faced strong opposition from the incumbent utilities. Both ballot propositions were defeated, one by a narrow margin of 500 votes.<ref name=":2" />

2002: Advocates tried ballot measures once more but were outspent by the incumbent utilities, which spent over $2 million.<ref name=":2" />

Results: This is a key example of a place where several attempts to municipalize have failed giving evidence to the importance of the transaction costs associated with municipalization.