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Mycobacterium
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=== ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' complex === ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'' can remain latent in human hosts for decades after an initial infection, allowing it to continue infecting others. It has been estimated that a third of the world population has latent tuberculosis (TB).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Getahun H, Matteelli A, Chaisson RE, Raviglione M | title = Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 372 | issue = 22 | pages = 2127–2135 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 26017823 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1405427 }}</ref> ''M. tuberculosis'' has many [[virulence factor]]s, which can be divided across lipid and fatty acid metabolism, cell envelope proteins, [[macrophage]] inhibitors, [[kinase]] proteins, [[protease]]s, metal-transporter proteins, and gene expression regulators.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Forrellad MA, Klepp LI, Gioffré A, Sabio y García J, Morbidoni HR, de la Paz Santangelo M, Cataldi AA, Bigi F | display-authors = 6 | title = Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex | journal = Virulence | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–66 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23076359 | pmc = 3544749 | doi = 10.4161/viru.22329 }}</ref> Several lineages such as [[Mycobacterium bovis|''M. t.'' var. ''bovis'']] (bovine TB) were considered separate species in the [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex|''M, tuberculosis'' complex]] until they were finally merged into the main species in 2018.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Riojas |first1=Marco A. |last2=McGough |first2=Katya J. |last3=Rider-Riojas |first3=Cristin J. |last4=Rastogi |first4=Nalin |last5=Hazbón |first5=Manzour Hernando |title=Phylogenomic analysis of the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex demonstrates that Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii are later heterotypic synonyms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=1 January 2018 |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=324–332 |doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.002507|pmid=29205127 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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