Editing Myeloid sarcoma (section)

== Diagnosis ==
Definitive diagnosis of a chloroma usually requires a [[biopsy]] of the lesion in question. Historically, even with a tissue biopsy, pathologic misdiagnosis was an important problem, particularly in patients without a clear pre-existing diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia to guide the pathologist. In one published series on chloroma, the authors stated that 47% of the patients were initially misdiagnosed, most often as having a malignant [[lymphoma]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamauchi K, Yasuda M |title=Comparison in treatments of nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma: report of two cases and a review of 72 cases in the literature |journal=Cancer |volume=94 |issue=6 |pages=1739–46 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11920536 |doi=10.1002/cncr.10399|s2cid=30158836 }}</ref>

However, with advances in diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis of chloromas can be made more reliable. Traweek et al. described the use of a commercially available panel of [[monoclonal antibody|monoclonal antibodies]], against [[myeloperoxidase]], [[CD68]], [[CD43]], and [[CD20]], to accurately diagnose chloroma via [[immunohistochemistry]] and differentiate it from lymphoma.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Traweek ST, Arber DA, Rappaport H, Brynes RK |title=Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. An immunohistochemical and morphologic study of 28 cases |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=1011–9 |date=October 1993 |pmid=8372941 |doi=10.1097/00000478-199310000-00006|s2cid=41874263 }}</ref> Nowadays, immunohistochemical staining using [[monoclonal antibodies]] against [[CD33]] and [[CD117]] would be the mainstay of diagnosis. The increasingly refined use of [[flow cytometry]] has also facilitated more accurate diagnosis of these lesions.