Editing Nanorobotics (section)

===Nubots===
{{Main|DNA machine}}

A ''nucleic acid robot'' (nubot) is an organic molecular machine at the nanoscale.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi= 10.1145/602421.602426 |title= Organic data memory using the DNA approach |journal= Communications of the ACM |volume= 46 |pages= 95–98 |year= 2003 |last1= Wong |first1= P. C. |last2= Wong |first2= K. K. |last3= Foote |first3= H.|citeseerx= 10.1.1.302.6363 |s2cid= 15443572 }}</ref> DNA structure can provide means to assemble 2D and 3D nanomechanical devices. DNA based machines can be activated using small molecules, proteins and other molecules of DNA.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Seeman. N. C. |title=From genes to machines: DNA nanomechanical devices |journal= Trends in Biochemical Sciences |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=119–125 |date=2005 |doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2005.01.007|pmid=15752983 |pmc=3471994}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Montemagno, C. |author2= Bachand, G. |title=Constructing nanomechanical devices powered by biomolecular motors |journal= Nanotechnology |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=225–231 |date=1999 |doi=10.1088/0957-4484/10/3/301|bibcode=1999Nanot..10..225M|s2cid= 250910730 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi= 10.1038/nature06451 |title= Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways |journal= Nature |volume= 451 |issue= 7176 |pages= 318–322 |year= 2008 |last1= Yin |first1= P. |last2= Choi |first2= H. M. T. |last3= Calvert |first3= C. R. |last4= Pierce |first4= N. A. |pmid=18202654|bibcode= 2008Natur.451..318Y |s2cid= 4354536 |url= https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170224-143742507 }}</ref> Biological circuit gates based on DNA materials have been engineered as molecular machines to allow in-vitro drug delivery for targeted health problems.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Douglas |first1= Shawn M. |last2= Bachelet |first2= Ido |last3= Church |first3= George M. |doi= 10.1126/science.1214081 |title= A logic-gated nanorobot for targeted transport of molecular payloads |journal= Science |volume= 335 |issue= 6070 |pages= 831–834 |date= 17 February 2012 |pmid= 22344439|bibcode= 2012Sci...335..831D |s2cid= 9866509 }}</ref> Such material based systems would work most closely to smart biomaterial drug system delivery,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jin, S. |author2= Ye, K. |title= Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy |journal= Biotechnology Progress |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=32–41 |date=2007 |doi=10.1021/bp060348j|pmid= 17269667|s2cid= 9647481 }}</ref> while not allowing precise in vivo teleoperation of such engineered prototypes.