Editing Near-field communication (section)

=== ISO/IEC ===
NFC is standardized in ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC 18092. These standards specify the modulation schemes, coding, transfer speeds and frame format of the RF interface of NFC devices, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision-control during initialization for both passive and active NFC modes. They also define the [[transport protocol]], including protocol activation and data-exchange methods. The air interface for NFC is standardized in:

* ISO/IEC 18092 / ECMA-340—''Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-1'' (NFCIP-1)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-340.htm|title=Ecma International: Standard ECMA-340, Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)|date=December 2004|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-date=2019-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102210158/http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-340.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ISO/IEC 21481 / ECMA-352—''Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-2'' (NFCIP-2)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-352.htm|title=Ecma International: Standard ECMA-352, Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol–2 (NFCIP-2)|date=December 2003|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-date=2007-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004181325/http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-352.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

NFC incorporates a variety of existing standards including [[ISO/IEC 14443]] Type A and Type B, and [[FeliCa]] (also simply named F or NFC-F). NFC-enabled phones work at a basic level with existing readers. In "card emulation mode" an NFC device should transmit, at a minimum, a unique ID number to a reader. In addition, NFC Forum defined a common data format called ''NFC Data Exchange Format'' (NDEF) that can store and transport items ranging from any [[MIME]]-typed object to ultra-short RTD-documents,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfc-forum.org/specs/|title=NFC-forum.org|work=NFC Forum|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123222433/http://www.nfc-forum.org/specs/|archive-date=23 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> such as [[Uniform Resource Locator|URLs]]. The NFC Forum added the ''Simple NDEF Exchange Protocol'' (SNEP) to the spec that allows sending and receiving messages between two NFC devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electronista.com/articles/11/09/29/nfc.revision.allows.peer.to.peer.message.sending/#ixzz1Zuj6DGxH|title=Electronista Article: New NFC spec lets two phones swap messages|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512004443/http://www.electronista.com/articles/11/09/29/nfc.revision.allows.peer.to.peer.message.sending/#ixzz1Zuj6DGxH|archive-date=2012-05-12|date=October 2011}}</ref>