Editing Old Calendarists (section)

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[[File:Timeline of the main Old Calendarists and True Orthodox Greek Eastern Orthodox Churches (2021).svg|thumb|Timeline of the main Greek Old Calendarist churches until 2021.]]
The Greek Old Calendarists experienced schism in 1937, due to a disagreement on the validity of the [[sacraments]] performed by members of churches which have adopted the [[Revised Julian calendar|reformed calendar]].<ref name=":12" /> After Chrysostomos, head of the Holy Synod, refused to declare the sacraments of the [[New Calendarists]] as [[Grace in Christianity|graceless]], bishop Matthew led the group which seceded from the Holy Synod.<ref name=":122" />

After this, Matthew ordained a number of bishops himself, and formed a separate Holy Synod of which he was the head as archbishop of Athens. Matthew died in 1950.<ref name=":122" />

After Chrysostomos' death in 1955, his group had no bishop until 1960, when two bishops of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]] (ROCOR) consecrated {{Interlanguage link|Akakios (Pappas senior)|lt=Akakios|ru|Акакий (Паппас-старший)}} archbishop. Akakios consecrated other bishops with the participation of another different ROCOR bishop. Akakios was succeeded by {{Interlanguage link|Auxentios (Pastras)|lt=Auxentios|ru|Авксентий (Пастрас)}}. Under Auxentios, "complicated patterns of division and realignment occurred both within his own jurisdiction and among the followers of Archbishop Matthew". Due to this, in 1999 there were at least five different Greek Old Calendarist churches, each headed by a different archbishop of Athens. Additionally, there was also a [[Orthodox Church of Greece (Holy Synod in Resistance)|'Cyprianite' Greek Old Calendarist Church]], whose adjective derives from its leader, bishop [[Kyprianos Koutsoumpas|Cyprian of Oropos and Phyli]].<ref name=":122" />

In 1971, the ROCOR tried to unite the factions of Greek Old Calendarists, but failed. In 1999, the most important groups of Greek Old Calendarists were the Chrysostomites, the Matthewites, and the Cyprianites.<ref name=":12" />