Editing Phase response curve (section)

==In neurons==
{{further|Phase precession}}
Phase response curve analysis can be used to understand the intrinsic properties and oscillatory behavior of regular-[[spiking neuron]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gutkin BS, Ermentrout GB, Reyes AD | title = Phase-response curves give the responses of neurons to transient inputs | journal = Journal of Neurophysiology | volume = 94 | issue = 2 | pages = 1623–35 | date = August 2005 | pmid = 15829595 | doi = 10.1152/jn.00359.2004 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.232.4206 }}</ref> The neuronal PRCs can be classified as being purely positive (PRC type I) or as having negative parts (PRC type II). Importantly, the PRC type exhibited by a neuron is indicative of its input–output function (excitability) as well as synchronization behavior: networks of PRC type II neurons can synchronize their activity via mutual excitatory connections, but those of PRC type I can not.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ermentrout B | title = Type I membranes, phase resetting curves, and synchrony | journal = Neural Computation | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 979–1001 | date = July 1996 | pmid = 8697231 | doi = 10.1162/neco.1996.8.5.979 | s2cid = 17168880 }}</ref>

Experimental estimation of PRC in living, regular-spiking neurons involves measuring the changes in inter-spike interval in response to a small perturbation, such as a transient pulse of current. Notably, the PRC of a neuron is not fixed but may change when firing frequency<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tsubo Y, Takada M, Reyes AD, Fukai T | title = Layer and frequency dependencies of phase response properties of pyramidal neurons in rat motor cortex | journal = The European Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 11 | pages = 3429–41 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17553012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05579.x | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118542373/abstract | url-status = dead | s2cid = 1232793 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130105062042/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118542373/abstract | archive-date = 2013-01-05 | url-access = subscription }}</ref> or [[Neuromodulation (biology)|neuromodulatory]] state of the neuron<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stiefel KM, Gutkin BS, Sejnowski TJ | title = Cholinergic neuromodulation changes phase response curve shape and type in cortical pyramidal neurons | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = e3947 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19079601 | pmc = 2596483 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0003947 | veditors = Ermentrout B | bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.3947S | doi-access = free }}</ref> is changed.