Editing Pinaceae (section)

=== Induced defenses ===
[[Inducible plant defenses against herbivory|Induced defense]] responses need to be activated by certain cues, such as herbivore damage or other biotic signals.<ref name=":2" />

A common induced defense mechanism used by ''Pinaceae'' is resins.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Nagy|first1=Nina E.|last2=Franceschi|first2=Vincent R.|last3=Solheim|first3=Halvor|last4=Krekling|first4=Trygve|last5=Christiansen|first5=Erik|date=2000-03-01|title=Wound-induced traumatic resin duct development in stems of Norway spruce (Pinaceae): anatomy and cytochemical traits|journal=American Journal of Botany|language=en|volume=87|issue=3|pages=302–313|doi=10.2307/2656626|issn=1537-2197|jstor=2656626|pmid=10718991}}</ref> Resins are also one of the primary defenses used against attack.<ref name=":1" /> Resins are short term defenses that are composed of a complex combination of volatile [[Monoterpene|mono]]- (C<sub>10</sub>) and [[sesquiterpene]]s (C<sub>15</sub>) and nonvolatile [[diterpene]] resin acids (C<sub>20</sub>).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> They are produced and stored in specialized secretory areas known as resin ducts, resin blisters, or resin cavities.<ref name=":4" /> Resins have the ability to wash away, trap, fend off antagonists, and are also involved in wound sealing.<ref name=":3" /> They are an effective defense mechanism because they have toxic and inhibitory effects on invaders, such as insects or pathogens.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Lewinsohn|first1=Efraim|last2=Gijzen|first2=Mark|last3=Croteau|first3=Rodney|date=1991-05-01|title=Defense Mechanisms of Conifers: Differences in Constitutive and Wound-Induced Monoterpene Biosynthesis Among Species|journal=Plant Physiology|language=en|volume=96|issue=1|pages=44–49|doi=10.1104/pp.96.1.44|issn=0032-0889|pmid=16668184|pmc=1080711}}</ref> Resins could have developed as an evolutionary defense against [[bark beetle]] attacks.<ref name=":4" /> One well researched resin present in ''Pinaceae'' is [[oleoresin]]. Oleoresin had been found to be a valuable part of the [[Pinophyta|conifer]] defense mechanism against [[Biotic stress|biotic attacks]].<ref name=":5" /> They are found in [[Plant secretory tissue|secretory tissues]] in tree stems, roots, and leaves.<ref name=":5" /> Oleoresin is also needed in order to classify conifers.<ref name=":5" />